Automotive superlatives include attributes such as the ''smallest'', ''largest'', ''fastest'', ''lightest'', ''best-selling'', and so on. This list (except for the

firsts First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...

section) is limited to automobiles built after World War II, and lists superlatives for earlier vehicles separately. The list is also limited to production road cars that: *Are constructed principally for retail sale to consumers for personal use transporting people on public roads. No commercial or industrial vehicles are included *Have had 25 or more instances made by the original vehicle manufacturer offered for sale to the public in new condition (cars modified by either professional tuners or individuals are not eligible) *Are street-legal in their intended markets and capable of passing any official tests or inspections required to be granted this status Calendar years rather than "model years" are used except when explicitly marked as otherwise.

Vehicle dimensions

Length

* Longest ** Car *** Current production car – – 2018 Rolls-Royce Phantom EWB *** Production car – – 1962–1977 eight door

Checker Aerobus The Checker Aerobus is an automobile manufactured on two different wheelbases by the Checker Motors Corporation from 1962 until 1977. Meant primarily to serve as an airport shuttle, as indicated by the name, it is an extended version of the iconi ...

*** Production station wagon – – 1962–1977 nine door

*** Limited production coupe – – 1931 Bugatti Royale Kellner ***Production convertible – – 1934–1935 (for the 1934–1935 model years)

Cadillac V-16 The Cadillac V-16 (also known as the Cadillac Sixteen) was Cadillac's top-of-the-line model from its January 1930 launch until 1940. The V16 powered car was a first in the United States, both extremely expensive and exclusive, with every chassis ...

** Truck *** Pickup truck – – Ford F-250/F-350 crew cab long bed ** SUV – – 2022

Cadillac Escalade ESV The Cadillac Escalade is a full-size luxury SUV engineered and manufactured by General Motors. It was Cadillac's first major entry into the SUV market. The Escalade was introduced for the 1999 model year in response to competition from the Merced ...

** Van –

Iveco Daily The Iveco Daily is a large light commercial van produced by the Italian automaker Iveco since 1978; it was also sold as the Fiat Daily by Fiat until 1983. Unlike the more car-like unibody Fiat Ducato, the Daily uses a separate ladder frame ty ...

* Shortest ** Current production car – – 2011

Peel P50 The Peel P50 is a three-wheeled microcar originally made from 1962 to 1965 by the Peel Engineering Company on the Isle of Man, and then from 2011 to present. It was listed in the 2010 Guinness World Records as the smallest production car ever m ...

** Production car – – 1962–1965

** Two seat production car – –

Peel Trident The Peel Trident is the second three-wheeled microcar made by the Peel Engineering Company on the Isle of Man. An all-new design from its one-seat counterpart the Peel P50, the Trident has two seats. History The Trident was launched at the 1 ...

** Four seat production car – – 1957–1959

BMW 600 The BMW 600 is a four-seater microcar produced by the German automaker BMW from mid-1957 until November 1959. Partially based on the BMW Isetta two-seater, it was BMW's first postwar four-seater economy car. It was not a sales success, but it b ...

(international) ** SUV / dually truck – – 1950–1952 Crosley Farm-O-Road ** Four-wheel-drive car – – 1959–1962

M422 Mighty Mite The M422 'Mighty Mite' is a lightweight ¼-ton 4x4 tactical truck, suitable for airlifting and manhandling. From 1959 to 1962, the Mighty Mite was built by American Motors for the United States Marine Corps. History The vehicle was originally ...

** Light military truck – – 1959–1962

Width (without mirrors)

*Widest **Car ***Current production car – –

Lamborghini Countach LPI 800-4 The Lamborghini Countach LPI 800-4 is a mid-engine hybrid-electric sports car produced by the Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini. Unveiled on 14 August 2021, the car is named after the original Countach which was first introduced 50 ...

***Production car – – 1953–54 (for the 1954 model year) Chrysler Crown Imperial ***Production convertible – – 2004

Maserati MC12 The Maserati MC12 (''Tipo M144S'') is a limited production two-seater sports car produced by Italian car maker Maserati to allow a racing variant to compete in the FIA GT Championship. The car entered production in 2004, with 25 cars produced. ...

***Production station wagon – – 1959–60 (for the 1960 model year)

Mercury Colony Park The Mercury Colony Park is an American luxury full-size station wagon that was marketed by the Mercury division of Ford Motor Company between 1957 and 1991. Distinguished by its simulated wood-grain paneling, the Colony Park was marketed as eit ...

/ Commuter, and

Ford Country Squire The Ford Country Squire is a series of full-size station wagons that were assembled by American automaker Ford. Positioned as the top-level station wagon of the Ford division, the Country Squire was distinguished by woodgrain bodyside trim. From ...

/ Country Sedan/ Ranch Wagon ***Limited production convertible – (armoured) – 1938–1943 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150 **Pickup truck – – Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD **SUV ***SUV – – 1991–2006 (for the 1992–2006 model years)

Hummer H1 The Hummer H1 is a four-wheel-drive utility vehicle based on the M998 Humvee, which was developed by AM General when it was a subsidiary of American Motors Corporation (AMC). Originally designed strictly for military use, the off-road vehicle was ...

**Van ***Current van –

Ford Transit The Ford Transit is a family of light commercial vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company since 1965, primarily as a cargo van, but also available in other configurations including a large passenger van (marketed as the Ford Tourneo in ...

***Van –

Mercedes-Benz Vario The Mercedes-Benz Vario (model designation BM667/668/670) is a full-size commercial heavy van manufactured by Mercedes-Benz between 1996 and 2013. History The Vario was launched in 1996 as a facelifted version of the Mercedes-Benz T2. The bod ...

*Narrowest **Current production car – – all Japanese

kei car Kei car (or , kanji: , "light automobile", ), known variously outside Japan as Japanese city car or Japanese microcar, is the Japanese vehicle category for the smallest highway-legal passenger cars with restricted dimensions and engine capaci ...

s **Current production car (International) – –

Kia Picanto The Kia Picanto is a city car that has been produced by the South Korean car manufacturer, Kia, since 2003. Other names of the car include Kia Morning ( ko, 기아 모닝, translit=Gia Moning) in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan (first two generat ...

**Production car – – 1946 Larmar

Height

*Tallest **Car ***Current production car – – Daihatsu Wake/Hijet Caddie/Toyota Pixis Mega ***Production car – – 1904–1909

Fiat 60 HP The Fiat 60 HP is an automobile produced by Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1904 to 1906. It competed in races such as the Paris–Madrid race of 1903, (driven by Vincenzo Lancia Vincenzo Lancia (24 August 1881 – 15 February 1937) was an I ...

**Pickup Truck – –

Brabus Brabus GmbH ( stylized in uppercase) is a German high-performance automotive aftermarket tuning company founded in 1977 in Bottrop (Ruhr area). Brabus specialises in Mercedes-Benz, Maybach and Smart vehicles, although in 2022 it also tuned two ...

Unimog U500 Black Edition **SUV – –

Lincoln Navigator The Lincoln Navigator is a full-size luxury SUV marketed and sold by the Lincoln brand of Ford Motor Company since the 1998 model year. Sold primarily in North America, the Navigator is the Lincoln counterpart of the Ford Expedition. It is th ...

**Van –

Mercedes-Benz Sprinter The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is a light commercial vehicle (van) built by Mercedes-Benz Group AG of Stuttgart, Germany as a large van, chassis cab, minibus, and pickup truck. In the past, the Sprinter had been sold under the Mercedes-Benz, Dod ...

906 L4H3 *Lowest **Current production car – –

Caterham 7 CSR The Caterham Seven CSR is the latest model from sports car manufacturer Caterham Cars. The CSR is the most heavily modified Caterham, though it still retains the basic look of the Super Seven. The CSR has two engine options based on the same Dur ...

**Production car – – 1956–1958

Lotus Eleven The Lotus Eleven is a sports racing car built in various versions by Lotus from 1956 until 1958. The later versions built in 1958 are sometimes referred to as Lotus 13, although this was not an official designation. In total, about 270 Elevens ...

**Limited production car – – 1969

Probe 15 Probe may refer to: Films * ''Probe'' (film), American TV film that served as the pilot for the TV series ''Search'' * ''P.R.O.B.E.'', direct to video ''Doctor Who'' spinoffs featuring Liz Shaw Television * ''Probe'' (1988 TV series), American ...

Specialist Sports Cars, Peter J. Filby, p.74

Wheelbase

Ford F-250 Crew Cab P558 Super Duty PowerStroke

*Longest **Car ***Current production car – – 2016 Mercedes-Maybach Pullman ***Production car – – 2016 Mercedes-Maybach Pullman ***Production convertible – (29 produced) – 1933–1937 (for the 1934–1937 model years)

***Production coupe – (20 produced) – 1933–1937 (for the 1934–1937 model years)

***Production station wagon – – 1950–51 (for the 1951 model year) Chrysler New Yorker Town and Country ***Limited production car – – 1937 Duesenberg Model J "Father Divine" ***Limited production coupe – – 1931 Bugatti Royale Kellner ***Limited production sedan – – 1937 Duesenberg Model J "Father Divine" **Pickup Truck – – Ford F-250/F-350 crew cab long bed **SUV ***Current SUV – –

Chevrolet Suburban The Chevrolet Suburban is a series of automobiles built by the Chevrolet division of General Motors. The name started in 1934 for the 1935 U.S. model year, making it the longest continuously used automobile nameplate in production. It has tradi ...

GMC Yukon XL GMC may refer to: Government India * Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation, in Gujarat * Gobichettipalayam Municipal Corporation, in Tamil Nadu * Guntur Municipal Corporation, in Andhra Pradesh * Guwahati Municipal Corporation, in Assam * Gwalior ...

, and

***SUV – –

Ford Excursion The Ford Excursion is a heavy duty ( Class 2), full-sized SUV that was produced by Ford. The longest and heaviest SUV ever to enter mass production, the Excursion was marketed as a direct competitor of the 2500-series (-ton) Chevrolet Suburb ...

**Van – Nissan NV400, Opel/Vauxhall Movano and Renault Master *Shortest **Current production car – – Smart Fortwo **Production car – – 1962–1965

Track Track or Tracks may refer to: Routes or imprints * Ancient trackway, any track or trail whose origin is lost in antiquity * Animal track, imprints left on surfaces that an animal walks across * Desire path, a line worn by people taking the shorte ...

*Widest front **Car ***Production car – – 2011

Lamborghini Aventador The Lamborghini Aventador () is a mid-engine sportscar produced by the Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini. In keeping with Lamborghini tradition, the Aventador is named after a Spanish fighting bull that fought in Zaragoza, Aragón ...

***Production station wagon – – 1968–1978 (for the 1969–1978 model years)

Marquis A marquess (; french: marquis ), es, marqués, pt, marquês. is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman ...

Monterey Monterey (; es, Monterrey; Ohlone: ) is a city located in Monterey County on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on the U.S. state of California's Central Coast. Founded on June 3, 1770, it functioned as the capital of Alta California under bot ...

**Pickup truck – – 2019 Ram 5500 Regular Cab 120 CA **SUV ***Current SUV – –

Cadillac Escalade The Cadillac Escalade is a full-size luxury SUV engineered and manufactured by General Motors. It was Cadillac's first major entry into the SUV market. The Escalade was introduced for the 1999 model year in response to competition from the Mer ...

and

GMC Yukon GMC may refer to: Government India * Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation, in Gujarat * Gobichettipalayam Municipal Corporation, in Tamil Nadu * Guntur Municipal Corporation, in Andhra Pradesh * Guwahati Municipal Corporation, in Assam * Gwalior ...

***SUV – – 1991–2006 (for the 1992–2006 model years)

**Van – Ford E-150 regular wagon *Widest rear **Car ***Production car –

BMW i8 The BMW i8 is a plug-in hybrid sports car developed by BMW. The i8 was part of BMW's electrified fleet and was marketed under the BMW i sub-brand. The production version of the BMW i8 was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show and was rel ...

***Production convertible – – BMW i8 Roadster ***Production station wagon – – 1968–1978 (1969–1978 model years)

and

/ Country Sedan/ Ranch Wagon **Pickup truck – – Ram 3500 DRW **SUV ***Current SUV – –

and

***SUV – – 1991–2006 (for the 1992–2006 model years)

**Van – Ford E-350 super duty dual rear wheels *Narrowest front – – 1962–1965

*Narrowest rear – – 1953–1961

Isetta The Isetta is an Italian-designed microcar built under license in a number of different countries, including Argentina, Spain, Belgium, France, Brazil, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Because of its egg shape and bubble-like windows, it became k ...

Curb weight Vehicle weight is a measurement of wheeled motor vehicles; either an actual measured weight of the vehicle under defined conditions or a gross weight rating for its weight carrying capacity. Curb or kerb weight Curb weight (U.S. English) or kerb ...

*Heaviest **Car ***Production car – – 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S600 Pullman Guard ***Production convertible – (29 produced) – 1933–1937 (for the 1934–1937 model years)

***Production coupe – (20 produced) – 1933–1937 (for the 1934–1937 model years)

***Production station wagon – – 1973–74 (for the 1974 model year)

Buick Estate Buick Estate is a nameplate that was used by the Buick division of General Motors, denoting its luxury full-size station wagon from 1940 to 1964 and from 1970 to 1996. The Estate nameplate was derived from the term country estate in wealthy su ...

and

Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser The Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser is an automobile that was manufactured and marketed by Oldsmobile in three generations from 1971 until 1992. The first full-size station wagon produced by Oldsmobile since the 1964 Oldsmobile 88 Fiesta, the Custom ...

(with third seat and woodgrain) ***Limited production convertible – (armoured) – 1938–1943 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150 ***Limited production coupe – – 1931 Bugatti Royale Kellner **Pickup truck – –

International XT The International Extreme Truck Series (often identified by the acronym XT) is a range of pickup trucks produced by Navistar International from 2004 to 2008. The first vehicle marketed by International to consumers since the discontinuation of the ...

**SUV ***Current SUV – – 2008 Conquest Knight XV ***SUV – – 2008 Conquest Knight XV **Van ***Current van – –

***Van – –

*Lightest **Current production car – – Caterham 7 170 **Production car – – 1962–1965

Engines An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power g ...

Engine displacement Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as a loose indicator of the ...

Smallest

* Current production car – – Caterham 7 160, as well as all

s * Production car ** Single-cylinder – – 1962–1965

** Two-cylinder – – 1967–1972

Honda N360 The Honda N360 is a small front-engine, front-wheel drive, two-door, four-passenger car manufactured and marketed by Honda from March 1967 through 1970 in Japan's highly regulated kei class — as both a two-door sedan and three-door wagon. ...

** Three-cylinder – – 1967

Suzuki Fronte The Suzuki Fronte ( ja, スズキ・フロンテ) is an automobile that was first introduced in March 1962 as a sedan version of the Suzulight Van. The nameplate remained in use for Suzuki's Kei car sedans as well as some other commercial-use vehic ...

** Four-cylinder – – 1963–1967

Honda T360 The T360 is a pickup truck from Honda. Introduced in June 1963, it was Honda's first production automobile, beating the S500 Sports by four months. The T360 used a 356 cc AK250E series DOHC inline-four engine also found in the Honda S360 ro ...

** Five-cylinder – – 1980–1982

Audi 100 The Audi 100 and Audi 200 (and sometimes called Audi 5000 in North America) are primarily mid-size/executive cars manufactured and marketed by the Audi division of the Volkswagen Group. The car was made from 1968 to 1997 across four generations (C ...

** Six-cylinder – – 1931–1933 Triumph 12-6 Scorpion ** Eight-cylinder – – 1967–1969 Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale and 1975–1980 Ferrari 208 GT4 ** Ten-cylinder – – 2010–2012

Lexus LFA The is a two-seat sports car manufactured by Lexus, the luxury car division of Toyota. It is the second model in the F marque line of performance vehicles from Lexus, following the IS F, and also the first standalone Lexus F model. Three c ...

** Twelve-cylinder – – 1948–1950

Ferrari 166 Inter The Ferrari 166 Inter was Ferrari's first true grand tourer. An evolution of the 125 S and 166 S racing cars, it was a sports car for the street with coachbuilt bodies. The Inter name commemorated the victories claimed in 166 S models by Scude ...

Largest

Bugatti W16, GIMS 2019, Le Grand-Saconnex (GIMS0966)

* Current production car – – W16 2017

Bugatti Chiron The Bugatti Chiron is a mid-engine two-seater sports car designed and developed in Germany by Bugatti Engineering GmbH and manufactured in Molsheim, France, by French automobile manufacturer Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. The successor to the B ...

* Production car ** Three-cylinder – – 2020

Koenigsegg Gemera The Koenigsegg Gemera is a limited production four-seat plug-in hybrid grand tourer to be manufactured by the Swedish automobile manufacturer Koenigsegg. It was unveiled on 3 March 2020 at an online broadcast by Koenigsegg at the cancelled Gene ...

** Four-cylinder – – 1999–2006

Mitsubishi Pajero The Further information on the Mitsubishi P ...

– 4M4 engine ** Five-cylinder – – 2007–2012

Chevrolet Colorado The Chevrolet Colorado, and its counterpart, the GMC Canyon, are series of compact and later mid-sized pickup trucks marketed by American automaker General Motors. They were introduced in 2004 to replace the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15/Sonoma co ...

** Six-cylinder – 5.0 litres (308 cu in) – 1950–1956

Hudson Hornet The Hudson Hornet is a full-sized automobile that was manufactured by Hudson Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan from 1951 until 1954, when Nash-Kelvinator and Hudson merged to form American Motors Corporation (AMC). Hudson automobiles co ...

** Eight-cylinder – – 1970–1976

Cadillac Eldorado The Cadillac Eldorado is a luxury car manufactured and marketed by Cadillac from 1952 until 2002 over twelve generations. The Eldorado was at or near the top of the Cadillac line. The original 1953 Eldorado convertible and the Eldorado Brougham ...

** Ten-cylinder – – 2013–2017

Dodge Viper The Dodge Viper is a sports car that was manufactured by Dodge (by SRT for 2013 and 2014), a division of American car manufacturer FCA US LLC from 1992 until 2017, having taken a brief hiatus in 2007 and from 2010 to 2012. Production of the two- ...

** Twelve-cylinder – – 1935–1938

Hispano-Suiza J12 The Hispano-Suiza J12 is a luxury automobile that was made by Hispano-Suiza in France from 1931 to 1938. It was the largest and most expensive car ever built by Hispano-Suiza. It replaced the Hispano-Suiza H6. The J12 was only available as a cha ...

Power Power most often refers to: * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" Engine power, the power put out by an engine Electric power * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events ** Abusive power Power may a ...

Highest power by engine type

Petrol engine A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as ' ...

(

naturally aspirated Naturally may refer to: ;Albums * '' Naturally!'', an album by Nat Adderley * ''Naturally'' (Houston Person album) * ''Naturally'' (J. J. Cale album) * ''Naturally'' (John Pizzarelli album) * ''Naturally'' (Sharon Jones album) * ''Naturally'' ...

) – –

Aston Martin Valkyrie The Aston Martin Valkyrie (also known by its code-names as AM-RB 001 and Nebula) is a limited production hybrid sports car collaboratively built by British automobile manufacturers Aston Martin, Red Bull Racing Advanced Technologies and sever ...

, Cosworth V12 *Petrol engine (

forced induction In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated. Operating principle Overvi ...

) – –

Bugatti Centodieci The Bugatti Centodieci (Italian for "110") is a limited production mid-engine sports car produced by French automotive manufacturer Bugatti. The car is a homage to the Bugatti EB110 and a celebration of the Bugatti marque's 110th birthday. It w ...

, W16 *

Diesel engine The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-cal ...

(

) – – 1992 Ford F-250/F-350, –

International Harvester IDI The International Harvester IDI (from Indirect Injection) engine is a four-stroke diesel V8 engine used in International Harvester school buses, trucks, Ford F-Series pickups, and Ford E-Series vans from the 1983 to 1994 model years. The engine wa ...

V8 *Diesel engine (

) – – Audi Q7 V12 TDI,

twin-turbo Twin-turbo (not to be confused with a twincharger setup, which is a combination of a supercharger and a turbocharger) refers to an engine in which two turbochargers work in tandem to compress the intake fuel/air mixture (or intake air, in the case ...

TDI TDI (Turbocharged Direct Injection) is Volkswagen Group's term for its current common rail Fuel injection#Direct injection, direct injection turbodiesel engine range that have an intercooler in addition to the turbo compressor. TDI engines are u ...

V12 *

Electric motor An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate f ...

– –

Lotus Evija The Lotus Evija is a limited production electric sports car to be manufactured by British automobile manufacturer Lotus Cars. Unveiled in July 2019, it is the first electric vehicle to be introduced and manufactured by the company. Codenamed "Typ ...

Plug-in hybrid A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engin ...

– –

Koenigsegg Regera The Koenigsegg Regera is a limited production, plug-in hybrid grand touring sports car manufactured by Swedish automotive manufacturer Koenigsegg. It was unveiled at the March 2015 Geneva Motor Show. The name Regera is a Swedish verb, meaning " ...

( of combustion engine power on 95 octane RON (somewhat more on E85) from a V8 and of electric propulsion)

Highest power by body style

*2-door coupé – – 2020

; four electric motors *4-door sedan – – 2022

Tesla Model S Plaid The Tesla Model S is a battery-powered liftback car serving as the flagship model of Tesla, Inc. The Model S features a dual-motor, all-wheel drive layout, although earlier versions of the Model S featured a rear-motor and rear-wheel drive lay ...

; three electric motors *Pickup truck/ute – 2021 Ram TRX; V8

petrol Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organic c ...

*SUV – 2021

Dodge Durango The Dodge Durango is a mid-size sport utility vehicle (SUV) produced by Dodge in three generations starting with the 1998 model year. The first two generations were very similar in that both were based on the Dodge Dakota and Ram Pickup, both fe ...

SRT Hellcat; V8

*Minivan – 2007 Mercedes-Benz R 63 AMG 4MATIC; V8

*Van – 2021 Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana; V8

*Heavy truck – non-hybrid Scania R770 & 770S; V8

Highest specific power (power-to-weight ratio)

Naturally aspirated Naturally may refer to: ;Albums * '' Naturally!'', an album by Nat Adderley * ''Naturally'' (Houston Person album) * ''Naturally'' (J. J. Cale album) * ''Naturally'' (John Pizzarelli album) * ''Naturally'' (Sharon Jones album) * ''Naturally'' ...

(limited production) – – 2007

Caparo T1 The Caparo T1 is a British mid-engine, rear-wheel drive, two-seat automobile that was built by Caparo Vehicle Technologies, founded by design director Ben Scott-Geddes, engineering director Graham Halstead, engineers formerly involved in the ...

– and *

Forced-induction In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated. Operating principle Overv ...

(limited production) – – 2020

SSC Tuatara The SSC Tuatara is a sports car designed, developed and manufactured by American automobile manufacturer SSC North America (formerly Shelby SuperCars Inc.). The car is the successor to the Ultimate Aero and is the result of a design collaborat ...

– and

Highest specific engine output (power/unit displacement)

*Petrol (

)

piston engine A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common feat ...

– per litre – 2008

Ariel Atom 500 The Ariel Atom is a road-legal high performance open-wheel car made by the British Ariel Motor Company based in Crewkerne, Somerset, England, and under license in North America by TMI Autotech, Inc. at Virginia International Raceway in Alton ...

3.0 L V8 *Petrol (

forced-induction In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated. Operating principle Overv ...

)

– per litre – 2022 Mercedes-AMG One turbocharged V6 *

Biofuel Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as oil. According to the United States Energy Information Administration ...

piston engine – per litre – 2020 Koenigsegg Jesko

charged V8 on E85 fuel *

(

) – per litre – 1993 Mercedes E 300 diesel

DIN DIN or Din or din may refer to: People and language * Din (name), people with the name * Dīn, an Arabic word with three general senses: judgment, custom, and religion from which the name originates * Dinka language (ISO 639 code: din), spoken by ...

2.996 L OM606 I6 *

(

) – per litre – 2020 BMW Alpina D5 S 3.0 L I6 triturbo *

Pistonless rotary engine A pistonless rotary engine is an internal combustion engine that does not use pistons in the way a reciprocating engine does. Designs vary widely but typically involve one or more rotors, sometimes called rotary pistons. Although many differ ...

(

) – per litre –

Mazda RX-8 The Mazda RX-8 is a sports car manufactured by Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda between 2002 and 2012. It was first shown in 2001 at the North American International Auto Show. It is the successor to the RX-7 and, like its predecessors i ...

Renesis JIS 1.3 L *

(

) – per litre –

Mazda RX-7 The Mazda RX-7 is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive, rotary engine-powered sports car that was manufactured and marketed by Mazda from 1978 until 2002 across three generations, all of which made use of a compact, lightweight Wankel rotary engine. ...

JIS 1.3 L

Highest power by cylinder count (Production Cars)

* Two-cylinder – – – 2007

Fiat 500 The Fiat 500 ( it, Cinquecento, ) is a rear-engined, four-seat, small city car that was manufactured and marketed by Fiat Automobiles from 1957 until 1975 over a single generation in two-door saloon and two-door station wagon bodystyles. Launc ...

* Three-cylinder – – – 2020

* Four-cylinder – – – 2022 Mercedes-AMG C 63 S E Performance 4MATIC+ * Five-cylinder – – – 2022 KTM X-Bow GT-XR * Six-cylinder – – – 2020 Nissan GT-R50 by Italdesign * Eight-cylinder – – – 2020

Hennessey Venom F5 The Hennessey Venom F5 is a sports car developed and manufactured by the American vehicle-manufacturing company Hennessey Special Vehicles which was established in 2017. Hennessey has contracted with Delta Motorsport of Silverstone, England for ...

* Ten-cylinder – – – 2015

* Twelve-cylinder – – – 2021

* Sixteen-cylinder – – – 2022 Bugatti Chiron Super Sport

Torque In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). It represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of th ...

Highest torque by engine type

Forced induction In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated. Operating principle Overvi ...

petrol engine A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as ' ...

– – 2020

, V8 *

– – 2013-2017

, V10 *

diesel engine The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-cal ...

– – 2020 (2021 MY) RAM Heavy Duty, I6 *

– – 1988–94 Ford F-250/350 IDI diesel, V8 *

– – 2021

Rimac Nevera The Rimac Nevera (pronounced: ǐːmat͡s něʋeːra is an all-electric sports car designed and manufactured by the Croatian automotive manufacturer Rimac Automobili. The first production prototype car was released in August 2021. Nevera pro ...

Hybrid engine A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids. The basic princip ...

– –

Highest torque by body style

*Car – – 2020

, hybrid

3-cylinder The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categoriz ...

+ 4

electric motor An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate f ...

s, *Pickup truck – – 2020 (2021 MY) RAM Heavy Duty, R6 *SUV – –

Audi Q7 The Audi Q7 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV made by the German manufacturer Audi, unveiled in September 2005 at the Frankfurt Motor Show. Production of this seven-seater SUV began in the autumn of 2005 at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant in ...

V12 TDI, V12

diesel Diesel may refer to: * Diesel engine, an internal combustion engine where ignition is caused by compression * Diesel fuel, a liquid fuel used in diesel engines * Diesel locomotive, a railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engi ...

*Van – – 2014 Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana, V8

Highest specific torque (torque/unit displacement)

The

mean effective pressure The mean effective pressure (MEP) is a quantity relating to the operation of a reciprocating engine and is a measure of an engine's capacity to do work that is independent of engine displacement.Heywood, J. B., "Internal Combustion Engine Fundam ...

(MEP) is a useful comparison tool, giving the average cylinder pressure exerted on the piston. *Petrol engine (

) – MEP , per litre – 2019 BAC Mono R *Petrol engine (

) – MEP , per litre – 2014

Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X is the tenth and final generation of the Lancer Evolution, a sports sedan produced by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors. By September 2005, Mitsubishi introduced a concept version of the next-gen Evolution ...

FQ440 MR *Petrol engine (

pistonless rotary engine A pistonless rotary engine is an internal combustion engine that does not use pistons in the way a reciprocating engine does. Designs vary widely but typically involve one or more rotors, sometimes called rotary pistons. Although many differ ...

) – MEP , per litre – 2005

*Petrol engine (

) – MEP , per litre –

turbo *Diesel engine (

) – MEP , per litre – 1999 Nissan AD Van (Y11) 2.184 L Nissan YD *Diesel engine (

) – MEP , per litre – 2021 Mercedes-Benz C300d 1.992 L OM654 D 20 R SCR

Fuel economy

Most economical

The following are all vehicles once certified for sale in the United States. Some vehicles from other countries have better fuel economy. Figures (showed in miles per

US gallon The gallon is a unit of volume in imperial units and United States customary units. Three different versions are in current use: *the imperial gallon (imp gal), defined as , which is or was used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Austral ...

units) are based on laboratory estimates, not consumer data. *All-diesel production vehicle – 1984

Nissan Sentra The Nissan Sentra is a series of automobiles manufactured by the Japanese automaker Nissan since 1982. Since 1999, the Sentra has been categorized as a compact car, while previously it occupied the subcompact class. Until 2006, Sentra was a reba ...

with 41 combined / 37 city / 46 highway. *All-petrol production vehicle – 1986 Chevrolet Sprint ER with 48 combined / 44 city / 53 highway *All natural gas production vehicle – 2012

Honda Civic GX The Honda Civic GX is the only car factory-built to run on compressed natural gas (CNG) in the United States available to non-fleet customers. The GX was based on the Honda Civic and available for fleet sales in all 50 states. It was previou ...

with 31 combined / 27 city / 38 highway * E85 production vehicle – 2013 Ford Focus SFE FWD FFV with 22 combined / 19 city / 27 highway *Production electric hybrid – 2021

Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid The Hyundai Ioniq is a compact five-door liftback manufactured and marketed by Hyundai. The nameplate ''Ioniq'' is a portmanteau of ''ion'' and ''unique''. It is marketed as the first automobile to be offered without a standard internal combus ...

(Ioniq Blue) with 59 combined / 58 city / 60 highway *Production plug-in electric hybrid – 2014/2016

BMW i3 REx The BMW i3 is a B-segment, high-roof hatchback manufactured and marketed by BMW with an electric powertrain using rear-wheel drive via a single-speed transmission and an underfloor lithium-ion battery pack and an optional range-extending pet ...

with 117 combined MPGe (EV mode) and 39 MPG combined city/highway (petrol) *Production all-electric vehicle – 2021

Tesla Model 3 The Tesla Model 3 is a compact executive sedan that is battery powered and produced by Tesla. Limited production of the Model 3 began in mid-2017, with the first production vehicle rolling off the assembly line on July 7, 2017. The offici ...

Standard Range Plus RWD with 142 combined / 150 city / 133 highway MPGe The following are as sold in Europe: * Volkswagen XL1, diesel-electric

PHEV A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engi ...

, on the

New European Driving Cycle The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) was a driving cycle, last updated in 1997, designed to assess the emission levels of car engines and fuel economy in passenger cars (which excludes light trucks and commercial vehicles). It is also refer ...

Price

*Most expensive (production) – –

Sport * Least expensive (production) – – 1922 Briggs & Stratton Flyer * Most expensive (auction) – 1962

Ferrari 250 GTO The Ferrari 250 GTO is a GT car produced by Ferrari from 1962 to 1964 for homologation into the FIA's Group 3 Grand Touring Car category. It was powered by Ferrari's ''Tipo 168/62'' Colombo V12 engine. The "250" in its name denotes the displa ...

(2018) *Most expensive (private sale) – ( at June 2018 exchange rates) 1963

(2018) *Most expensive (concept car) – 2005

Maybach Exelero The Maybach Exelero is a one-off high-performance sports car made by Stola (now part of Blutec) in collaboration with DaimlerChrysler. It was unveiled at the Tempodrom in Berlin in 2005. Development The Exelero was commissioned by Fulda, a ...

Performance

Acceleration

*Quickest with 1 foot rollout – 1.85 seconds –

*Quickest with standing start – 1.97 seconds –

*Quickest – 3.61 seconds –

*Quickest – 5.23 seconds –

*Quickest – *Quickest – 22.82 seconds –

Top speed

*Highest top speed (

) – Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ – *Highest top speed (

naturally aspirated engine Naturally may refer to: ;Albums * '' Naturally!'', an album by Nat Adderley * ''Naturally'' (Houston Person album) * ''Naturally'' (J. J. Cale album) * ''Naturally'' (John Pizzarelli album) * ''Naturally'' (Sharon Jones album) * ''Naturally'' ...

) –

McLaren F1 The McLaren F1 is a sports car designed and manufactured by British automobile manufacturer McLaren Cars, and powered by the BMW S70/2 V12 engine. The original concept was conceived by Gordon Murray. Murray was able to convince Ron Dennis to ...

– *Highest top speed (

) – BMW Alpina D5 S – *Highest top speed (

electric Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by ...

production vehicle Production vehicles or production cars are mass-produced identical models, offered for sale to the public, and able to be legally driven on public roads ( street legal). Legislation and other rules further define the production vehicle within part ...

) –

–

Highest rpm redline

Internal combustion An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combust ...

piston-engined production car –

Gordon Murray T.50 The GMA T.50 or Gordon Murray Automotive Type 50 is a sports car manufactured by Gordon Murray Automotive. Designed by Gordon Murray and inspired by the McLaren F1, the T.50 is powered by an all-new bespoke naturally aspirated V12 engine develo ...

– 12,100 rpm *

Wankel Wankel may refer to: * Wankel engine, a type of internal combustion engine using an eccentric rotary design instead of reciprocating pistons * Wankel AG, a German company that produces Wankel engines for ultralight aircraft and racing cars People ...

rotary-engined production car –

– 9,000 rpm * Electric production vehicle –

Tesla Model S The Tesla Model S is a battery-powered liftback car serving as the flagship model of Tesla, Inc. The Model S features a dual-motor, all-wheel drive layout, although earlier versions of the Model S featured a rear-motor and rear-wheel drive ...

– 18,000 rpm

Sales

;Best-selling models: * Best-selling vehicle nameplate –

Toyota Corolla The is a series of compact cars (formerly subcompact) manufactured and marketed globally by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in ...

''(more than 50,000,000 sold in 12 generations since 1966)'' * Best-selling single model –

Volkswagen Beetle The Volkswagen Beetle—officially the Volkswagen Type 1, informally in German (meaning "beetle"), in parts of the English-speaking world the Bug, and known by many other nicknames in other languages—is a two-door, rear-engine economy car, ...

''(21,529,464 of the same basic design sold worldwide between 1938 and 2003)'' * Best single-year sales – 1.36 million – 2005

* Best single-month sales – 126,905 – July 2005

Ford F-Series The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks marketed and manufactured by Ford since the 1948 model year. Slotted above the Ford Ranger in the Ford truck model range, the F-Series is marketed as a range of full-sized pickup trucks. ...

Firsts

Mostly full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars. This list mainly includes developments that led to widespread adoption across the automotive industry.

Industry

*First fully functioning automobile – 1885

Benz Patent-Motorwagen The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German Carl Benz, is widely regarded as the world's first practical modern automobile and was the first car put into series production. It was patented and unveiled in 1886. ...

*First production automobile – 1888

*First automotive proving ground – 1915

Dodge Brothers Dodge is an American brand of automobiles and a division of Stellantis, based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. Dodge vehicles have historically included performance cars, and for much of its existence Dodge was Chrysler's mid-priced brand above Ply ...

Test Track,

Hamtramck, Michigan Hamtramck ( ) is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 28,433. Hamtramck is surrounded by the city of Detroit except for a small portion that borders the fellow enclave city of ...

*First auto company technical institute – 1919

General Motors Institute Kettering University is a private university in Flint, Michigan. It offers Bachelor of Science, bachelor of science and master's degree, master’s degrees in Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, STEM (science, technology, engineeri ...

(now

Kettering University Kettering University is a private university in Flint, Michigan. It offers Bachelor of Science, bachelor of science and master's degree, master’s degrees in Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, STEM (science, technology, engineeri ...

)

Engine types

Straight engine The straight or inline engine is an internal combustion engine with all cylinders aligned in one row and having no offset. Usually found in four, six and eight cylinder configurations, they have been used in automobiles, locomotives and aircraf ...

s **First production

straight-twin engine A straight-twin engine, also known as an inline-twin, vertical-twin, or parallel-twin, is a two-cylinder piston engine whose cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Straight-twin engines are primarily used in motorcycles; ot ...

– 1895

Panhard et Levassor Panhard was a French motor vehicle manufacturer that began as one of the first makers of automobiles. It was a manufacturer of light tactical and military vehicles. Its final incarnation, now owned by Renault Trucks Defense, was formed b ...

and 1898 Decauville Voiturelle **First production

straight-three engine A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engines, straight-three engines have nonethe ...

– 1953 DKW F91 and 1956

Saab 93 The Saab 93 (pronounced ''ninety-three'') is the second production automobile that was manufactured by Saab. Styled by Sixten Sason, it was first presented on December 1, 1955. The 93 was powered by a longitudinally-mounted three-cylinder 748&n ...

**First production

straight-four engine A straight-four engine (also called an inline-four) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The vast majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the ...

– 1908

Ford Model T The Ford Model T is an automobile that was produced by Ford Motor Company from October 1, 1908, to May 26, 1927. It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, which made car travel available to middle-class Americans. The relati ...

**First production

Straight-five engine The straight-five engine (also referred to as an inline-five engine; abbreviated I5 or L5) is a piston engine with five cylinders mounted in a straight line along the crankshaft. Although less common than straight-four engines and straight-six e ...

– 1974 Mercedes-Benz W115 300D **First

straight-six engine The straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine bala ...

– 1903 Napier **First production

straight-eight engine The straight-eight engine (also referred to as an inline-eight engine; abbreviated I8 or L8) is a piston engine with eight cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. The number of cylinders and perfect primary and secondary engi ...

– 1918

Isotta Fraschini Isotta Fraschini () was an Italian luxury car manufacturer, also producing trucks, as well as engines for marine and aviation use. Founded in Milan, Italy, in 1900 by Cesare Isotta and the brothers Vincenzo, Antonio, and Oreste Fraschini, in 19 ...

V engine A V engine, sometimes called a Vee engine, is a common configuration for internal combustion engines. It consists of two cylinder banks—usually with the same number of cylinders in each bank—connected to a common crankshaft. These cylinder b ...

s **First production V2 engine – 1889

Daimler steel-wheel car The ''Stahlradwagen'' (or "steel-wheeled car") was Gottlieb Daimler's second motor car. After seeing Panhard's Daimler-designed V-twin engine demonstrated at the Paris Exposition of 1889 and inquiring into the engine's weight and power, Arman ...

**First production

V4 engine A V4 engine is a four-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. The V4 engine is less common compared to straight-four engines. However, V4 engines have been used in automobiles ...

– 1922

Lancia Lambda The Lancia Lambda is an innovative automobile produced from 1922 through 1931. It was the first car to feature a load-bearing unitary body, (but without a stressed roof) and it also pioneered the use of an independent suspension (the front sliding ...

**First production

V6 engine A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik ...

– 1911

Delahaye Delahaye was a family-owned automobile manufacturing company, founded by Émile Delahaye in 1894 in Tours, France. Manufacturing was moved to Paris following incorporation with two unrelated brothers-in-law as equal partners in 1898. The compa ...

Type 44 **First

V8 engine A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder piston engine in which two banks of four cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. The first V8 engine was produced by the French Antoinette company in 1904, developed and us ...

– 1904 Marmon **First production

– 1910

De Dion-Bouton De Dion-Bouton was a French automobile manufacturer and railcar manufacturer operating from 1883 to 1953. The company was founded by the Marquis Jules-Albert de Dion, Georges Bouton, and Bouton's brother-in-law Charles Trépardoux. Steam cars T ...

CJ **First

V10 engine A V10 engine is a ten-cylinder piston engine where two banks of five cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V10 engines are much less common than V8 and V12 engine A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder pis ...

– 1987

Lamborghini P140 The Lamborghini P140 is a code name given to a series of prototype cars built by Lamborghini starting in 1987. It was intended as a replacement for the outgoing Jalpa but never went into production, despite being close to production ready due t ...

**First production

– 1991

**First production

V12 engine A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines. The fi ...

– 1915 Packard Twin-Six, the 1915 ''National'' V12 engine, and the 1917 Weidely Pathfinder **First

V16 engine A V16 engine is a sixteen-cylinder piston engine where two banks of eight cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V16 engines are less common than engines with fewer cylinders, such as V8 and V12 engines. Each ban ...

– 1929 Maserati Tipo V4 **First production

– 1930

Flat engine A flat engine is a piston engine where the cylinders are located on either side of a central crankshaft. Flat engines are also known as horizontally opposed engines, however this is distinct from the less common opposed-piston engine design, ...

s **First production

flat-twin engine A flat-twin engine is a two-cylinder internal combustion engine with the cylinders on opposite sides of the crankshaft. The most common type of flat-twin engine is the boxer-twin engine, where both pistons move inwards and outwards at the same ti ...

– 1900 Lanchester 8 hp Phaeton **First

flat-four engine A flat-four engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-four engine, is a four-cylinder piston engine with two banks of cylinders lying on opposite sides of a common crankshaft. The most common type of flat-four engine is the boxer-four engine, ...

– 1900 Benz 20 hp racing car **First production

– 1901

Wilson-Pilcher Wilson-Pilcher was an English car company founded in 1901 and acquired by Sir WG Taken Armstrong Whitworth & Co., Limited in 1904. History The company ''Wilson-Pilcher'' was founded in 1901 by Walter Gordon Wilson in London to produce automo ...

**First

flat-six engine A flat-six engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-six, is a six-cylinder piston engine with three cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft. The most common type of flat-six engine is the boxer-six engine, where each pair of opposed c ...

– 1904

**First production

– 1948

Tucker 48 The Tucker 48, commonly referred to as the Tucker Torpedo, was an automobile conceived by Preston Tucker while in Ypsilanti, Michigan and briefly produced in Chicago, Illinois in 1948. Only 51 cars were made including their prototype before the c ...

**First

flat-eight engine A flat-eight engine, also called a horizontally-opposed eight, is an eight-cylinder piston engine with two banks of four inline cylinders, one on each side of a central crankshaft, 180° apart. In a flat-eight engine, the connecting rods for corres ...

– 1962

Porsche 804 The Porsche 804 is a single-seat, open-wheeled racing car produced by Porsche to compete in Formula One (F1). It raced for a single season in 1962 in the 1½ litre formula. Background In 1957 the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ...

Formula One car A Formula One car (also known as an F1 car) is a single-seat, open-cockpit, open-wheel formula racing car with substantial front and rear wings, and an engine positioned behind the driver, intended to be used in competition at Formul ...

**First

flat-twelve engine A flat-twelve engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-twelve, is a twelve-cylinder piston engine with six cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft. Flat-twelve engines are less common than V12 engines, but they have been used in vario ...

– 1964

Honda RA271 The Honda RA271 was Honda's second Formula One racing car, and its first to actually enter a race. The chief engineer on the project was Yoshio Nakamura, with Tadashi Kume in charge of engine development. It was driven in three races during by ...

**First production

– 1973 – Ferrari 365 GT4 BB *

W engine A W engine is a type of piston engine where three or four cylinder banks use the same crankshaft, resembling the letter W when viewed from the front. W engines with three banks of cylinders are also called "broad arrow" engines, due to their shap ...

s ** First production

– 2001 Volkswagen Passat W8 **First production

W12 engine A W12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where three banks of four cylinders are arranged in a W configuration around a common crankshaft. W12 engines with three banks of four cylinders were used by several aircraft engines from 1917 unti ...

– 2001

Audi A8 W12 The Audi A8 is a full-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi since 1994. Succeeding the Audi V8, and now in its fourth generation, the A8 has been offered with both front- or permanent all-wheel drive—and in ...

**First production

W16 engine A W16 engine is a sixteen-cylinder piston engine with four banks of four cylinders in a W configuration. W16 engines are rarely produced, with the notable exception of the Volkswagen Group 8.0 WR16 engine, which has been used since 2005 in the ...

– 2005 –

Bugatti Veyron The Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 is a mid-engine sports car, designed and developed in Germany by the Volkswagen Group and Bugatti and manufactured in Molsheim, France, by French automobile manufacturer Bugatti. It was named after the racing driver Pie ...

Engine technologies

;

Engine configuration The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorize ...

& other miscellaneous fundamental construction details *First engine with removable cylinder head – 1889

Bernardi Bernardi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Adria Bernardi, American novelist and translator * Andrew Bernardi (born 1965), British violinist, music entrepreneur, educationalist, and festival director * Antonino d ...

*First

square In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length adj ...

engine – 1900

Georges Richard Georges Richard (1863–1922) was a French racing driver and automobile industry pioneer. His first automobile manufacturing business, "Société des Anciens Établissements Georges Richard", was founded in the North-Paris suburb of " Ivry-Port" ...

3 1/2HP *First

variable displacement Variable displacement is an automobile engine technology that allows the engine displacement to change, usually by deactivating cylinders, for improved fuel economy. The technology is primarily used in large, multi-cylinder engines. Many automobil ...

engine – 1905 Sturtevant 38/45 six *First counterbalanced

crankshaft A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting ...

– 1908

Mercer Mercer may refer to: Business * Mercer (car), a defunct American automobile manufacturer (1909–1925) * Mercer (consulting firm), a large human resources consulting firm headquartered in New York City * Mercer (occupation), a merchant or trader, ...

Type 35 *First aluminum

engine block In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure which contains the cylinders and other components. In an early automotive engine, the engine block consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was atta ...

– 1922

*First split-plane

– 1922 (for the 1923 model year)

Cadillac V8 engine The term Cadillac V8 may refer to any of a number of V8 engines produced by the Cadillac Division of General Motors since it pioneered the first such mass-produced engine in 1914. Most commonly, such a reference is to one of the manufacturer's ...

*First

crankcase ventilation system A crankcase ventilation system removes unwanted gases from the crankcase of an internal combustion engine. The system usually consists of a tube, a one-way valve and a vacuum source (such as the inlet manifold). The unwanted gases, called "blow- ...

– 1925 (for the 1926 model year)

*First aluminum

cylinder head In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often abbreviated to simply "head") sits above the cylinders and forms the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines, the head is a simple sheet of metal; whereas in more modern ov ...

– 1928

Fiat Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (, , ; originally FIAT, it, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino, lit=Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer, formerly part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and since 2021 a subsidiary ...

*First

d production car – 1935 Citroen Rosalie *First

gas turbine A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous flow internal combustion engine. The main parts common to all gas turbine engines form the power-producing part (known as the gas generator or core) and are, in the directi ...

car – 1950

Rover Rover may refer to: People * Constance Rover (1910–2005), English historian * Jolanda de Rover (born 1963), Dutch swimmer * Rover Thomas (c. 1920–1998), Indigenous Australian artist Places * Rover, Arkansas, US * Rover, Missouri, US * ...

*First functional fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) – 1966 GM/

Chevrolet Chevrolet ( ), colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM). Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941) and ous ...

Electrovan *First production fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) – 2001 Hyundai Santa Fe FCEV and 2002

Honda FCX The Honda FCX (commonly referred to as ''Fuel Cell eXperimental'') is a family of hydrogen fuel cell automobiles manufactured by Honda. As of March 2007, there are more than twenty Honda FCX vehicles in the hands of customers, including the state ...

*First

Miller cycle In engineering, the Miller cycle is a thermodynamic cycle used in a type of internal combustion engine. The Miller cycle was patented by Ralph Miller, an American engineer, dated Dec 24, 1957. The engine may be two- or four-stroke and may be r ...

engine – 1996

Mazda Millenia The Mazda Millenia is an automobile which was manufactured by Mazda in Japan from 1993 to 2002. The Millenia was originally planned as the second of three models for Mazda's proposed luxury brand Amati. As the company's dwindling finances caused ...

*First

Atkinson cycle The Atkinson-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson in 1882. The Atkinson cycle is designed to provide efficiency at the expense of power density. A variation of this approach is used in some modern auto ...

engine – 1997

Toyota Prius The is a car built by Toyota which has a Hybrid vehicle drivetrain, hybrid drivetrain, combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor. Initially offered as a four-door Sedan (automobile), sedan, it has been produced only as ...

*First

Hydrogen vehicle A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen fuel for motive power. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen-fueled space rockets, as well as ships and aircraft. Power is generated by converting the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energ ...

– 2005

BMW Hydrogen 7 The BMW Hydrogen 7 is a limited production hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle built from 2005-2007 by German automobile manufacturer BMW. The car is based on BMW’s traditional petrol-powered BMW 7 Series (E65) line of vehicles, and m ...

(Germany) ;

Wankel engine The Wankel engine (, ) is a type of internal combustion engine using an Eccentric (mechanism), eccentric rotary combustion engine, rotary design to convert pressure into rotating motion. It was invented by German engineer Felix Wankel, and desi ...

s :*First

– 1964

NSU Spider The NSU Spider is an automobile which was produced by NSU Motorenwerke AG from 1963 to 1967. The Spider was the first Western production car in the world to be powered by a Wankel rotary engine. The water-cooled single rotor engine and standard ...

:*First front-wheel-drive car with Wankel engine – 1966

NSU Ro 80 The NSU Ro 80 is a four-door, front-engine executive sedan manufactured and marketed by the West German firm NSU from 1967 until 1977. Noted for innovative, aerodynamic styling by Claus Luthe and a technologically advanced powertrain, the Ro 8 ...

:*First 2-rotor Wankel engine – 1966

:*First 3-rotor Wankel engine – 1969 Mercedes C111 :*First 4-rotor Wankel engine – 1970 Mercedes C111 :*First

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

Wankel engine – 1982

Mazda Luce The Mazda Luce is an executive car that was produced by Mazda in Japan from 1966 until 1991. It was widely exported as the Mazda 929 from 1973 to 1991 as Mazda's largest sedan. Later generations were installed with luxury items and interiors as th ...

and

Cosmo Cosmo may refer to: Business and media * Cosmopolitan (magazine), ''Cosmopolitan'' (magazine), a magazine for women, sometimes referred to as "Cosmo" * ''Cosmo's Cosmic Adventure'', a 1992 video game * Cosmo On-Line, a Brazilian generic Intern ...

;

Valvetrain A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) ...

*First

overhead valve An overhead valve (OHV) engine, sometimes called a ''pushrod engine'', is a piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier flathead engines, where the valves were located be ...

(OHV) engine – 1889

*First

overhead camshaft An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion c ...

(OHC) engine – 1903 Marr Auto Car *First

sleeve valve The sleeve valve is a type of valve mechanism for piston engines, distinct from the usual poppet valve. Sleeve valve engines saw use in a number of pre-World War II luxury cars and in the United States in the Willys-Knight car and light truck. ...

– 1909 Daimler (developed functional system from 1903 Knight Engine design)Georgano, p.43. *First

double overhead camshaft An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion cha ...

(DOHC) engine – 1913

Peugeot Peugeot (, , ) is a French brand of automobiles owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was founded in 1810, with a steel foundry that soon started making hand tools and kitchen equipment, and the ...

;

Multi-valve In automotive engineering a multi-valve or multivalve engine is one where each cylinder has more than two valves. A multi-valve engine has better breathing and may be able to operate at higher revolutions per minute (RPM) than a two-valve engine ...

engines :*First limited production 3-valve engine – 1912 Bugatti Type 18 :*First limited production 4-valve engine – 1913

Grand Prix Grand Prix ( , meaning ''Grand Prize''; plural Grands Prix), is a name sometimes used for competitions or sport events, alluding to the winner receiving a prize, trophy or honour Grand Prix or grand prix may refer to: Arts and entertainment ...

:*First limited production 5-valve engine – 1921

:*First production 3-valve engine – 1924

Bugatti Type 35 The Bugatti Type 35 was the most successful of the Bugatti racing models. Its version of the Bugatti arch-shaped radiator that had evolved from the more architectural one of the Bugatti Type 13 Brescia, was to become the one that the marque is ...

:*First production 4-valve engine – 1971 Ford Escort Mk1 RS1600 :*First

multi-valve In automotive engineering a multi-valve or multivalve engine is one where each cylinder has more than two valves. A multi-valve engine has better breathing and may be able to operate at higher revolutions per minute (RPM) than a two-valve engine ...

engine – 1981

Maserati Biturbo The Maserati Biturbo is a family of executive grand tourers produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Maserati between 1981 and 1994. The original Biturbo was a two-door, four-seater notchback coupé (of somewhat smaller dimensions than the BM ...

(''AM452'') :*First 6-valve engine – 1985

2.0 L V6 36v 261 hp (prototype) :*First production 5-valve engine – 1989 Mitsubishi Dangan ZZ :*First 3-valve

– 1989

Citroën XM The Citroën XM is a front-engine, front-drive, five-passenger, five-door hatchback noted for its hydropneumatic suspension. Manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1989 to 2000, with a minor facelift in 1994, XM production reached 333,405 ov ...

:*First 4-valve diesel engine – 1993

Mercedes-Benz C-Class The Mercedes-Benz C-Class is a series of compact executive cars produced by Mercedes-Benz Group AG. Introduced in 1993 as a replacement for the 190 (W201) range, the C-Class was the smallest model in the marque's line-up until the W168 A-Class ...

(''OM604 engine'') ;

Variable valve timing In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combination with varia ...

(VVT) :*First Variable Valve Timing (VVT) engine – 1980

Alfa Romeo Spider The Alfa Romeo Spider (105/115 series) is a two-seater, front engine, rear drive roadster manufactured and marketed by Alfa Romeo from 1966 to 1994 in four distinct generations, or ''Series'', each with modifications ranging from modest to exte ...

2.0 L :*First electronic VVT – 1983

(All models) :*First cam-switching VVT – 1989 Honda Integra RSi/XSi '' B16A''

VTEC VTEC (Variable Valve Timing & Lift Electronic Control) is a system developed by Honda to improve the volumetric efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, resulting in higher performance at high RPM, and lower fuel consumption at low ...

1.6 L DOHC I4 :*First VVT passenger car

– 2010

Mitsubishi ASX The Mitsubishi ASX (abbreviation of "Active Sports Crossover") is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors. During its introduction, it was slotted below the Outlander in Mitsubishi's crossover SUV lin ...

'' 4N13'' 1.8 L DOHC I4

Internal combustion engine cooling Internal combustion engine cooling uses either air or liquid to remove the waste heat from an internal combustion engine. For small or special purpose engines, cooling using air from the atmosphere makes for a lightweight and relatively simple sys ...

* First water-cooled automobile engine – 1901

Mercedes 35 hp The Mercedes (german: Mercedes ) was a radical early car model designed in 1901 by Wilhelm Maybach and Paul Daimler, for Emil Jellinek. Produced in Stuttgart, Germany, by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), it began the Mercedes line of car ...

* First air-cooled automobile engine – 1902

Franklin Franklin may refer to: People * Franklin (given name) * Franklin (surname) * Franklin (class), a member of a historical English social class Places Australia * Franklin, Tasmania, a township * Division of Franklin, federal electoral d ...

* First production

air-cooled Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. In all combustion engines, a great percentage of the heat ge ...

– 1934

Tatra 77 The Czechoslovakian Tatra 77 (T77) is by many considered to be the first serial-produced, truly aerodynamically-designed automobile. It was developed by Hans Ledwinka and Paul Jaray, the Zeppelin aerodynamic engineer. Launched in 1934, the Tatra 77 ...

;Aspiration *First

supercharged In an internal combustion engine, a supercharger compresses the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement. The current categorisation is that a supercharger is a form of forced induct ...

car – 1921 Mercedes 6/25/40 hp *First twin-supercharged car – 1935 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 *First

car – 1961 (for the 1962 model year)

Oldsmobile F-85 The Oldsmobile Cutlass was a series of automobiles produced by General Motors' Oldsmobile division between 1961 and 1999. At its introduction, the Cutlass was Oldsmobile's entry-level model; it began as a unibody compact car, but saw its greatest ...

('' Turbo Jetfire'') *First application of a

wastegate A wastegate is a valve that controls the flow of exhaust gases to the turbine wheel in a turbocharged engine system.Robson, D. (2018). Aircraft General Knowledge. Aviation Theory Centre Pty Ltd. . Diversion of exhaust gases regulates the turbine ...

to regulate a

turbocharger In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

's boost – 1961 (for the 1962 model year)

('' Turbo Jetfire'') *First

twincharged A twincharger refers to a compound forced induction system used on some internal combustion engines. It is a combination of an exhaust-driven turbocharger and a mechanically driven supercharger, each mitigating the weaknesses of the other. Twinch ...

car – 1985

Lancia Delta S4 The Lancia Delta S4 is a Group B rally car manufactured by the Italian car company Lancia. The Delta S4 competed in the World Rally Championship in 1985 and 1986, until Group B class was disbanded and the cars were eventually banned from competit ...

Stradale *First

variable-geometry turbocharger Variable-geometry turbochargers (VGTs), occasionally known as variable-nozzle turbines (VNTs), are a type of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio of the turbocharger to be altered as conditions change. This is done ...

– 1988 Honda Legend Wing Turbo *First

(diesel) – 1991

Fiat Croma The Fiat Croma name was used for two distinct large family car by Fiat, one a five door liftback manufactured and marketed from 1985 to 1996, and after a nine year hiatus, a crossover station wagon manufactured and marketed from 2005 to 2010. ...

*First

charged car – 1981

*First triple-turbocharged car – 2012 BMW M550d xDrive *First quad-

car – 1991

Bugatti EB110 The Bugatti EB 110 is a mid-engine sports car produced by Bugatti Automobili S.p.A. from 1991 until 2002, when the company was liquidated. It was the only production model made by Romano Artioli's Italian incarnation of Bugatti. History Deve ...

;Fuel systems *First

carburetor A carburetor (also spelled carburettor) is a device used by an internal combustion engine to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. The primary method of adding fuel to the intake air is through the venturi tube in the main meteri ...

– 1889

*First

air filter – 1889

*First automatic choke – 1931 (for the 1932 model year)

Oldsmobile Oldsmobile or formally the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors was a brand of American automobiles, produced for most of its existence by General Motors. Originally established as "Olds Motor Vehicle Company" by Ransom E. Olds in 1897, it produ ...

*First four-barrel

– 1940 (for the 1941 model year)

Buick Buick () is a division of the American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American marques of automobiles, and was the company that established General ...

(''Compound Carburetion'') ;

Fuel injection Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All comp ...

(FI) :*First FI engine – 1910

Adams-Farwell The Adams Company is an American manufacturing concern. It was founded in 1883 and is based in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. Between 1905 and 1912 it produced the Adams-Farwell, a brass era automobile. History The Roberts & Langworthy Iron Works ...

Diesel Diesel may refer to: * Diesel engine, an internal combustion engine where ignition is caused by compression * Diesel fuel, a liquid fuel used in diesel engines * Diesel locomotive, a railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engin ...

:*First non-

FI engine – 1952

Goliath GP700 The Goliath GP700 is a small automobile which was manufactured by the Bremen, Germany–based Borgward subsidiary Goliath (car), Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co from 1950 to 1957. In 1955, the GP700 was joined by the larger-engined Goliath GP900 E. F ...

and

Gutbrod Gutbrod was a German manufacturer of cars, motorcycles and small agricultural machinery. The firm was founded in Ludwigsburg, Germany by Wilhelm Gutbrod in 1926. It originally built "Standard" branded motorcycles. In 1933 the company relocat ...

:*First

gasoline direct injection Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline (petrol), where fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. This is distinct fro ...

engine – 1952

and

:*First Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) – 1957

Rambler Rebel The Rambler Rebel is an automobile that was produced by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) of Kenosha, Wisconsin for the 1957–1960 model years, as well as again for 1966 and 1967. Introduced as a stand-alone model in one body style, the 19 ...

(prototypes) :*First limited production EFI – 1957 (for the 1958 model year) Chrysler 300D,

DeSoto Adventurer The DeSoto Adventurer is a full-sized automobile that was produced by DeSoto from 1956 through the 1960 model year. Introduced as a four-seat high-performance sports coupe concept car, the Adventurer ended up being DeSoto's special, limited-prod ...

, Dodge D-500 and

Plymouth Fury The Plymouth Fury is a model of automobile that was produced by Plymouth from 1955 until 1989. It was introduced for the 1956 model year as a sub-series of the Plymouth Belvedere, becoming a separate series one level above the contemporary Belved ...

:*First full mass-production EFI – 1968 D-Jetronic on

Volkswagen Type 3 The Volkswagen Type 3 is a compact car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen from 1961-1973. Introduced at the 1961 Frankfurt Motor Show, ''Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (IAA)'', the Type 3 was marketed as the Volkswagen 1500 and later ...

and Type 4 :*First diesel direct injection engine – 1987

Turbo D i.d. :*First turbocharged diesel direct injection engine – 1987

Turbo D i.d. :*First electronic gasoline direct injection – 1996

Mitsubishi Galant The Mitsubishi Galant is an automobile which was produced by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi from 1969 until 2012. The model name was derived from the French word ''galant'', meaning "chivalrous". There have been nine distinct generations with ...

/ Legnum '' 4G93'' GDI I4 :*First passenger car

common rail Common rail direct fuel injection is a direct fuel injection system built around a high-pressure (over ) fuel rail feeding solenoid valves, as opposed to a low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors (or pump nozzles). High-pressure injection ...

diesel direct injection engine – 1997

Alfa Romeo 156 The Alfa Romeo 156 (Type 932) is a compact executive car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo. It was introduced at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show as the replacement for the Alfa Romeo 155. The 156 received a positive recep ...

JTD :*First turbocharged

engine – 2000 Mitsubishi Pajero IO 4G93 ;

Ignition system An ignition system generates a spark or heats an electrode to a high temperature to ignite a fuel-air mixture in spark ignition internal combustion engines, oil-fired and gas-fired boilers, rocket engines, etc. The widest application for spark ig ...

s *First contact breaker point ignition – 1910

Cadillac Model Thirty The Cadillac Model Thirty is an automobile that was introduced in December 1909 by the Cadillac Division of General Motors, and sold through 1911. It was the company's only model for those years and was based on the 1907 Model G. The 1912 Model ...

/ Delco *First optional electronic ignition – 1963

General Motors The General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the largest automaker in the United States and ...

/ Delco *First standard electronic ignition – 1968

Fiat Dino The Fiat Dino (Type 135) was a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive sports car produced by Fiat from 1966 to 1973. The Dino name refers to the Ferrari Dino V6 engine, produced by Fiat and installed in the cars to achieve the production numbers sufficient ...

2.0 /

Dino 206 GT Dino may refer to: Prefix * dino-, a common prefix in taxonomy, meaning "terrible", "formidable" **Dinosaur People * Dino (given name), a masculine given name and a nickname * Dino (surname), a surname found in Albania and Turkey * Diño, a surna ...

(

Magneti Marelli Magneti Marelli S.p.A. () is an Italian developer and manufacturer of components for the automotive industry. The firm is headquartered in Corbetta, Italy, and includes 86 manufacturing plants, 12 R&D centres, and 26 application centers in 19 c ...

Dinoplex) *First distributor-less ignition –

Citroën 2CV The Citroën 2CV (french: link=no, deux chevaux(-vapeur), , lit. "two steam horse(power)s", meaning "two ''taxable'' horsepower") is an air-cooled front-engine, front-wheel-drive, economy family car, introduced at the 1948 Paris Mondial de l ...

(???) ;General miscellany *First

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

Ultra Low Emission Vehicle An ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) is a motor vehicle that emits extremely low levels of motor vehicle emissions compared to other vehicles. In some jurisdictions it is defined in law; low and ultra low emission vehicles may be given tax or oth ...

– M.Y. 1998

Honda Accord The , also known as the in Japan and China for certain generations, is a series of cars manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989. ...

*First California

Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle Super ultra-low emissions vehicle (SULEV) is a U.S. classification for passenger vehicle emissions. The classification is based on producing 90% fewer emissions than the average gasoline-powered vehicle. The SULEV standard is stricter than the stan ...

– M.Y. 2000

I4 *First

flex-fuel vehicle A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle (colloquially called a flex-fuel vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one fuel, usually gasoline blended with either ethanol or ...

(

bioethanol Ethanol (abbr. EtOH; also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound. It is an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol with the chemical formula . Its formula can be also written as or (an ethyl ...

and

gasoline Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organic co ...

) – 1908

Electric vehicles

*First practical

electric car An electric car, battery electric car, or all-electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using only energy stored in batteries. Compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quie ...

– 1881

Gustave Trouvé Gustave Pierre Trouvé (2 January 1839 – 27 July 1902) was a French electrical engineer and inventor in the 19th century. Trouvé was born on 2 January 1839 in La Haye-Descartes (Indre-et-Loire, France) and died on 27 July 1902 in Paris. A pol ...

electric vehicle *First mass-produced

– 1995 Peugeot 106 Electric / Citroën Saxo Electrique

Hybrid vehicles

*First

gas-electric hybrid A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an Electric motor, electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain). The presence of the electric powertr ...

– 1899

Lohner–Porsche The Lohner–Porsche Mixed Hybrid (sometimes incorrectly referred to as ''Löhner–Porsche'') was the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle. It was developed by Ferdinand Porsche at Lohner-Werke. The first prototypes were two-wheel drive, b ...

Mixte *First modern

hybrid car A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids. The basic princip ...

– 1904

Auto-Mixte Auto-Mixte built cars between 1906 and 1912 using a hybrid-technology under license from Pieper Anciens Etablissements Pieper was a Belgian arms manufacturer established under the name Henri Pieper in Herstal, Belgium in 1884 (some sources, 186 ...

(Belgium) *First mass-produced hybrid car – 1997

*First hybrid bus – 1997 Hino *First hybrid

SUV A sport utility vehicle (SUV) is a car classification that combines elements of road-going passenger cars with features from off-road vehicles, such as raised ground clearance and four-wheel drive. There is no commonly agreed-upon definiti ...

– 1997

Toyota RAV4 EV The Toyota RAV4 EV is an all-electric version of the popular RAV4 SUV produced by Toyota until 2014. Two generations of the EV model were sold in California, and to fleets elsewhere in the US, with a gap of almost ten years between them. The fi ...

*First

all-wheel drive An all-wheel drive vehicle (AWD vehicle) is one with a powertrain capable of providing power to all its wheels, whether full-time or on-demand. The most common forms of all-wheel drive are: ;1x1 : All unicycles Reflecting one axle with one w ...

hybrid – 2003 (for the 2004 model year)

Ford Escape Hybrid The Ford Escape is a compact crossover SUV sold by Ford since 2000 over four generations. The first generation was jointly developed with Mazda which also created the Mazda Tribute and Mercury Mariner as the twin model. Second generations of t ...

*First hybrid

luxury car A luxury car is a car that provides increased levels of comfort, equipment, amenities, quality, performance, and associated status compared to moderately priced cars. The term is subjective and reflects both the qualities of the car and the ...

– 2004 (for the 2005 Japanese model year)

Lexus RX 400h The is a luxury crossover SUV sold since 1998 by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota. Originally released in its home market of Japan in late 1997 as the Toyota Harrier, export sales began in March 1998 as the Lexus RX. Considered as the first ...

(introduced January 2004) *First mild hybrid

pickup truck A pickup truck or pickup is a light-duty truck that has an enclosed cabin, and a back end made up of a cargo bed that is enclosed by three low walls with no roof (this cargo bed back end sometimes consists of a tailgate and removable covering) ...

– 2004 (for the 2005 model year) Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid *First full hybrid pickup truck – 2008 (for the 2009 model year) Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid *First hybrid heavy truck – 2018

Sisu Polar Sisu Polar is a truck model series produced by the Finnish heavy vehicle producer Sisu Auto. It came into the market in 2011 and the main applications are earthmovers, logging trucks, road maintenance vehicles, mobile cranes and heavy machiner ...

Hybrid *First 4-fuel hybrid – 2010 Monte Carlo Automobile Quadrifuel (powered with

bio-ethanol Ethanol (abbr. EtOH; also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula . Its formula can be also written as or (an ethyl group linked to a hyd ...

, hydromethane,

and LPG)

Plug-in electric vehicles

*First

all-electric car An electric car, battery electric car, or all-electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using only energy stored in batteries. Compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quie ...

with

lithium-ion battery A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy. It is the predominant battery type used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles. It also se ...

– 1998 Nissan Altra *First series production plug-in hybrid – 1997 Audi Duo *First series production all-electric car available in global markets – 2011

Nissan Leaf The , stylized as LEAF, is a Compact car, compact five-door hatchback battery electric vehicle, battery electric vehicle (BEV) manufactured by Nissan. It was introduced in Japan and the United States in December 2010, and its second generation w ...

*First series production

plug-in hybrid A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engin ...

car available in global markets – 2011

Chevrolet Volt The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand and the Buick Velite 5 in China, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in t ...

Opel Ampera Opel Automobile GmbH (), usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021. It was owned by the American automaker General Motors from 1929 until 2017 and the PSA Grou ...

*First series production all-electric commercial van – 1989 Citroën C15 Electrique *First series production all-electric long range highway capable car – 2009 Tesla Roadster *First series production all-electric

– 2012

*First series production plug-in

– 2013 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV *First series production all-electric SUV – 2016

Tesla Model X The Tesla Model X is a Battery electric vehicle, battery electric Mid-size crossover SUV#Luxury, mid-size luxury crossover SUV produced by Tesla, Inc. since 2015. Developed from the full-size car, full-sized sedan platform of the Tesla Model S, ...

Body

*First

tricar A three-wheeler is a vehicle with three wheels. Some are motorized tricycles, which may be legally classed as motorcycles, while others are tricycles without a motor, some of which are human-powered vehicles and animal-powered vehicles. Over ...

– 1885

Benz Patent Motorwagen The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German Carl Benz, is widely regarded as the world's first practical modern automobile and was the first car put into series production. It was patented and unveiled in 1886. T ...

*First motorized

truck A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, but the vast majority feature body-on-frame construction ...

– October 1896 Daimler *First sedan/saloon – 1900

Renault Voiturette The Renault Voiturette (Renault Little Car) was Renault's first ever produced automobile, and was manufactured between 1898 and 1903. The name was used for five models. The first Voiturettes mounted De Dion-Bouton engines. Continental tires were u ...

*First production

station wagon A station wagon ( US, also wagon) or estate car ( UK, also estate), is an automotive body-style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door ( ...

(estate) – 1908

*First production closed-body car – 1910

*First

cyclecar A cyclecar was a type of small, lightweight and inexpensive car manufactured in Europe and the United States between 1910 and the early 1920s. The purpose of cyclecars was to fill a gap in the market between the motorcycle and the car. A key c ...

– 1910 GN/1910

Bédélia Bédélia from 1910 in 1975 at the Nürburgring Bédélia (in English usually written as ''Bedelia'') was the archetype of the French cyclecars. This automobile was manufactured by the Bourbeau et Devaux Co. of Paris from 1910 to 1925 to a desi ...

*First

aerodynamic Aerodynamics, from grc, ἀήρ ''aero'' (air) + grc, δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dyn ...

design – 1914 A.L.F.A. 40/60 HP Aerodinamica *First production

design – 1921

Rumpler Tropfenwagen The Rumpler Tropfenwagen ("Rumpler drop car", named after its raindrop shape) was a car developed by Austrian engineer Edmund Rumpler. The Tropfenwagen Aerodynamics Rumpler, born in Vienna, was known as a designer of aircraft when at the 1921 Ber ...

*First

monocoque Monocoque ( ), also called structural skin, is a structural system in which loads are supported by an object's external skin, in a manner similar to an egg shell. The word ''monocoque'' is a French term for "single shell". First used for boats, ...

– 1922

*First shatter-resistant windshield glass – 1925 (for the 1926 model year)

Cadillac The Cadillac Motor Car Division () is a division of the American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM) that designs and builds luxury vehicles. Its major markets are the United States, Canada, and China. Cadillac models are distributed i ...

*First

minivan Minivan (sometimes called simply as van) is a North American car classification for vehicles designed to transport passengers in the rear seating row(s), with reconfigurable seats in two or three rows. The equivalent classification in Europe i ...

– 1932

Stout Scarab The Stout Scarab is a streamlined 1930–1940s American car, designed by William Bushnell Stout and manufactured by Stout Engineering Laboratories and later by Stout Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan. The Stout Scarab is credited by s ...

*First all-

aluminium Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. I ...

body – 1933 Riley Nine Kestrel *First coupé convertible – 1934

Peugeot 401 The Peugeot 401 was a mid-size model from Peugeot produced in 1934 and 1935. It was introduced at the October 1934 Paris Motor Show and was again on display at the 29th Paris Show of 1935. It featured in a full page newspaper advertisement plac ...

D Eclipse *First Pickup /

Utility vehicle A utility vehicle is a vehicle, generally motorized, that is designed to carry out a specific task with more efficacy than a passenger vehicle. It sometimes refers to a small truck with low sides. Types of utility vehicles Military light u ...

(Ute) – 1934

Ford Ford commonly refers to: * Ford Motor Company, an automobile manufacturer founded by Henry Ford * Ford (crossing), a shallow crossing on a river Ford may also refer to: Ford Motor Company * Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company * Ford F ...

Coupé utility A coupé utility is a vehicle with a passenger compartment at the front and an integrated cargo tray at the rear, with the front of the cargo bed doubling as the rear of the passenger compartment. The term originated in the 1930s, where it wa ...

*First retractable hardtop roof – 1934 Pourtout Lancia Belna Eclipse (coachbuilt) *First production retractable hardtop roof – 1957

Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner :''See also Ford Crestline Skyliner for the 1954 Ford and Ford Fairlane Crown Victoria Skyliner for the 1955–1956 Ford Fairlane Crown Victoria, both with an acrylic glass roof panel.'' The Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner is a two-door full-siz ...

*First flush mounted gas door – 1936

Cord 810 The Cord 810, and later Cord 812, was a luxury automobile produced by the Cord Automobile division of the Auburn Automobile Company in 1936 and 1937. It was the first American-designed and built front wheel drive car with independent front suspen ...

*First fully boxed frame – 1938

ERA R4D The ERA R4D, built by English Racing Automobiles, is the last development of this classic voiturette racing car, the only D-Type ever built. Originating as R4B in 1935, the car was rebuilt as a C-Type by modifying the front end of the chassis fra ...

(racing car) *First

fiberglass Fiberglass (American English) or fibreglass (Commonwealth English) is a common type of fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber. The fibers may be randomly arranged, flattened into a sheet called a chopped strand mat, or woven into glass cloth ...

body – 1946 Stout Scarab Experimental (also first

fiberglass body) *First safety

windshield The windshield (North American English) or windscreen (Commonwealth English) of an aircraft, car, bus, motorbike, truck, train, boat or streetcar is the front window, which provides visibility while protecting occupants from the elements. Mo ...

– 1947 (for the 1948 model year)

Tucker Tucker may refer to: Places United States * Tucker, Arkansas * Tucker, Georgia * Tucker, Mississippi * Tucker, Missouri * Tucker, Utah, ghost town * Tucker County, West Virginia Outer space * Tucker (crater), a small lunar impact crater in the s ...

(''popout safety glass'') *First

hardtop A hardtop is a rigid form of automobile roof, which for modern cars is typically constructed from metal. A hardtop roof can be either fixed (i.e. not removable), Convertible#Detachable hardtop, detachable for separate storing or retractable ha ...

– 1948 (for the 1949 model year)

Cadillac Coupe de Ville The Cadillac DeVille is the nameplate used by Cadillac over eight generations, originally used to designate a trim level of the 1949 Cadillac Series 62 and later to designate a standalone model in the brand range. The last model marketed specif ...

, Buick Roadmaster Riviera and Oldsmobile 98 Holiday *First production

– 1946 Chenard et Walcker CHV *First limited production

body – 1951 (for the 1952 model year) Woodill Wildfire *First production

body – 1952 (for the 1953 model year)

Chevrolet Corvette The Chevrolet Corvette is a two-door, two-passenger luxury sports car manufactured and marketed by Chevrolet since 1953. With eight design generations, noted sequentially from C1 to C8, the Corvette is noted for its performance and distinctive ...

*First

hatchback A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to a cargo area. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second row seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo volume. ...

– 1953

Aston Martin DB2/4 The Aston Martin DB2/4 is a grand tourer produced by Aston Martin from 1953 until 1957. It was available as a 2+2 hatchback saloon, drophead coupé (DHC) and 2-seat fixed-head coupé. A small number of Bertone bodied spiders were commissioned ...

*First body made of recycled material – 1954 Trabant P70 *First 4-door

– 1955 (middle of the model year) Buick Century Riviera and Special Riviera and Oldsmobile 98 Holiday and 88 Holiday *First

– 1955 (for the 1956 model year)

Rambler Six and V8 The Rambler Six and the Rambler V8 are intermediate sized automobiles that were built and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) from 1956 to 1960. Launched on 15 December 1955, the 1956 model year Rambler Six ushered a "new era in motor ...

*First production

– 1956 Berkeley SA322 *First

Mini MPV Mini MPV— an abbreviation for mini multi-purpose vehicle— is a vehicle size class for the smallest size of minivans/MPVs. The mini MPV size class sits below the compact MPV size class and the vehicles are often built on the platforms of B-se ...

– 1956

Fiat 600 Multipla The Fiat 600 ( it, Seicento, ) is a rear-engine, water-cooled city car, manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1955 to 1969 — offered in two-door fastback sedan and four-door Multipla mini MPV body styles. Measuring only long, its all-new ...

*First

bodied

convertible A convertible or cabriolet () is a passenger car that can be driven with or without a roof in place. The methods of retracting and storing the roof vary among eras and manufacturers. A convertible car's design allows an open-air driving expe ...

– 1952 (for the 1953 model year)

*First

bodied 4-door Sedan – 1970 Anadol A2 *First

bodied Station wagon / Estate car – 1973 Anadol SV-1600 *First factory clear-coat paint job – 1977

Lincoln Versailles The Lincoln Versailles is a mid-size luxury car that was marketed by Lincoln from the 1977 to 1980 model years. The first Lincoln introduced outside of the full-size segment, the Versailles is a rebranded version of the Ford Granada and Mer ...

*First active aerodynamics - 1984

Alfa Romeo 90 The Alfa Romeo 90 (Type 162A) is an executive car produced by Italian car manufacturer Alfa Romeo between 1984 and 1987. History Designed by Bertone and introduced at the 1984 Turin Motor Show, the 90 was pitched between the Alfa Romeo Giulie ...

*First electric boot spoiler – 1986

Lancia Thema The Lancia Thema (Type 834) is an executive car produced by the Italian automaker Lancia between 1984 and 1994, and one of four cars to share the Type Four platform alongside the Alfa Romeo 164, Fiat Croma and Saab 9000. The Thema was first shown ...

8.32 *First all-aluminium space frame – 1990

Honda NSX The Honda NSX, marketed in North America as the Acura NSX, is a two-seat, mid-engined coupe sports car manufactured by Honda. The origins of the NSX trace back to 1984, with the HP-X (Honda Pininfarina eXperimental) concept, which was a mid-eng ...

*First

carbon fibre Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (American English), carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (Commonwealth English), carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, carbon-fiber reinforced-thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP), also known as carbon fiber, carbon compo ...

– 1993

*First stress-bearing engine acting like a structural member – 1995

Ferrari F50 The Ferrari F50 (Type F130) is a mid-engine sports car manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 1995 until 1997. Introduced in 1995, the car is a two-door, two seat targa top. The car is powered by a 4.7 L naturally asp ...

*First

Crossover Crossover may refer to: Entertainment Albums and songs * ''Cross Over'' (Dan Peek album) * ''Crossover'' (Dirty Rotten Imbeciles album), 1987 * ''Crossover'' (Intrigue album) * ''Crossover'' (Hitomi Shimatani album) * ''Crossover'' (Yoshino ...

– 1979

AMC Eagle AMC may refer to: Film and television * AMC Theatres, an American movie theater chain * AMC Networks, an American entertainment company ** AMC (TV channel) ** AMC+, streaming service ** AMC Networks International, an entertainment company *** ...

*First single-piece

– 2003

Invicta S1 Invicta is a British automobile manufacturer. The brand has been available intermittently through successive decades. Initially, the manufacturer was based in Cobham, Surrey, England, from 1925 to 1933, then in Chelsea, London, England, from 19 ...

*First fully boxed frame Pickup – 1948 Land Rover Series 1

Transmission Transmission may refer to: Medicine, science and technology * Power transmission Electric power transmission Propulsion transmission, technology allowing controlled application of power * Automatic transmission * Manual transmission *** ...

**First belt-driven automobile – 1886

**First chain-driven automobile – 1886

and 1897 Daimler Phoenix **First shaft-driven automobile – 1908 Mercedes Simplex 35 hp *

Manual transmission A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission (mechanics), transmission ...

s **First non-synchronous manual transmission (''sliding-mesh'' design) – 1891

**First non-synchronous manual transmission (''constant-mesh'' design) – 1928–1929 Cadillac **First reverse gear – 1902 FIAT 8/16 HP **First synchronized transmission – 1924 Isotta Fraschini 8A **First

overdrive Overdrive may refer to: Organizations * OverDrive, Inc., a digital distributor of entertainment media ** OverDrive Media Console, a media player developed by OverDrive, Inc. * Overdrive PC, a subsidiary of Velocity Micro Technology * Overdrive ...

– 1933 (for the 1934 model year) Chrysler Airflow **First modern cone-synchromesh (on all forward gears) transmission – 1952

Porsche Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, usually shortened to Porsche (; see #Pronunciation, below), is a German automobile manufacturer specializing in high-performance sports cars, SUVs and sedans, headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany ...

356 **First 3-speed manual – 1894

3.5 HP **First 4-speed manual – 1901 Ceirano 5 HP **First 5-speed manual – 1948

Lancia Ardea The Lancia Ardea is a small family car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia between 1939 and 1953. Its unusually short bonnet reportedly contained the smallest V4 engine ever commercialized in a small family car. Nearly 23,000 of the Arde ...

Mk3 **First 6-speed manual – 1967 Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale **First 7-speed manual – 2011 Porsche 911 (991) **First 8-speed manual – 1931 Maybach DS8 **First

clutchless manual A semi-automatic transmission is a "theoretical" multiple-speed Transmission (mechanics), transmission where part of its operation is Automation, automated (typically the actuation of the clutch), but the driver's input would be required to launc ...

– 1912 Bollée Type F Torpedo **First production

– 1935 REO ''Self-Shifter'', 1937

4-speed ''Automatic Safety Transmission'', and 1938–1939

Buick Special The Buick Special was an automobile produced by Buick. It was usually Buick's lowest-priced model, starting out as a full-size car in 1936 and returning in 1961 (after a two-year hiatus) as a mid-size. The Special was built for several decades and ...

4-speed ''Self-shifter''. **First electronically controlled

– 1991 Ferrari Mondial T

Valeo Valeo is a French global automotive supplier headquartered in France, listed on the Paris Stock Exchange ( CAC-40 Index). It supplies a wide range of products to automakers and the aftermarket. The Group employs 113,600 people in 33 countries wo ...

**First sequential manual – 1946

Type 360 Cisitalia. **First

pre-selector gearbox A preselector gearbox is a type of manual transmission mostly used on passenger cars and racing cars in the 1930s, in buses from 1940-1960 and in armoured vehicles from the 1930s to the 1970s. The defining characteristic of a preselector gearbox ...

– 1929

Armstrong Siddeley Armstrong Siddeley was a British engineering group that operated during the first half of the 20th century. It was formed in 1919 and is best known for the production of luxury vehicles and aircraft engines. The company was created following ...

models, 1929

Maybach Maybach (, ) is a Automotive industry in Germany, German luxury car brand that exists today as a part of Mercedes-Benz. The original company was founded in 1909 by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach, originally as a subsidiary of ''Lufts ...

models, and 1930

Daimler Double-Six Daimler Double-Six may refer to either of two different series of Daimler V12 engines or to a car produced by Jaguar Cars under the Daimler nameplate. Engines made 1926 to 1938 :: Daimler Double-Six Engine * 7.1-litre sleeve-valve 1926-1930 * ...

**First

centrifugal clutch A centrifugal clutch is an automatic clutch that uses centrifugal force to operate. The output shaft is disengaged at low rotational speed and engages more as speed increases. It is often used in mopeds, underbones, lawn mowers, go-karts, chainsaws ...

– 1936

Automatic transmission An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated to auto or AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in internal combustion engine-based motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving c ...

s **First automatic transmission – 1939

(''

Hydra-Matic Hydramatic (also known as Hydra-Matic) is an automatic transmission developed by both General Motors' Cadillac and Oldsmobile divisions. Introduced in 1939 for the 1940 model year vehicles, the ''Hydramatic'' was the first mass-produced fully-a ...

''; also the first 4-speed automatic) **First

torque converter A torque converter is a type of fluid coupling that transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission, the torque converter connects the power ...

automatic – 1948 (middle of model year)

Buick Roadmaster The Buick Roadmaster is an automobile that was built by Buick from 1936 until 1942, from 1946 until 1958, and then again from 1991 until 1996. Roadmasters produced between 1936 and 1958 were built on Buick's longest non-limousine wheelbase and sh ...

(''

Dynaflow Dynaflow was the trademarked name for a type of automatic transmission developed and built by General Motors Buick Motor Division from late 1947 to mid-1963. The Dynaflow, which was introduced for the 1948 model year only as an option on Roadma ...

'') **First non-planetary automatic – 1968

Honda is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a product ...

(''

Hondamatic :''See also list of Honda transmissions for other Hondamatics'' The Hondamatic (also called the H2) was Honda's first semi-automatic transmission. It was produced from 1973 through 1988. The ''Hondamatic'' name continued to be used on fully-au ...

'') **First 2-speed automatic – 1947 GM

1948 model year

**First 3-speed automatic – 1950 Borg Warner Automatic Drive Studebaker Land Cruiser **First 4-speed automatic – 1939

(''

''; also the first automatic) **First 5-speed automatic – 1989

Nissan , trade name, trading as Nissan Motor Corporation and often shortened to Nissan, is a Japanese multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan. The company sells ...

Cedric Cedric () is a masculine given name invented by Walter Scott in the 1819 novel '' Ivanhoe''.Sir Walter Scott, Graham Tulloch (ed.), ''Ivanhoe'', vol. 8 of The Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels, Edinburgh University Press, 1998, , "explanato ...

Cefiro,

Gloria Gloria may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music Christian liturgy and music * Gloria in excelsis Deo, the Greater Doxology, a hymn of praise * Gloria Patri, the Lesser Doxology, a short hymn of praise ** Gloria (Handel) ** Gloria (Jenkins) ...

Skyline A skyline is the outline or shape viewed near the horizon. It can be created by a city’s overall structure, or by human intervention in a rural setting, or in nature that is formed where the sky meets buildings or the land. City skylines ...

Laurel Laurel may refer to: Plants * Lauraceae, the laurel family * Laurel (plant), including a list of trees and plants known as laurel People * Laurel (given name), people with the given name * Laurel (surname), people with the surname * Laurel (mus ...

, ('' RE5R01A'',

Jatco , abbreviated from "Japan Automatic Transmission COmpany", is a company that manufactures automatic transmissions for automobiles. History In August 1943, Nissan established an aircraft engine production plant in the town of Yoshiwara, Shizuoka ...

transmission) **First 6-speed automatic – 2001 BMW 7 Series (E65) ('' ZF 6HP26'') **First 7-speed automatic – 2003

Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG (a Mercedes-Benz Group subsidiary established in 2019) is headquartere ...

(''

7G-Tronic 7G-Tronic is Mercedes-Benz's trademark name for its seven-speed automatic transmission, starting off with the W7A 700 and W7A 400 (Wandler-7-Gang-Automatik bis 700 oder 400 Nm Eingangsdrehmoment; converter-7-gear-automatic with 516 ...

'') **First 8-speed automatic – 2006

Lexus LS 460 The Lexus LS (XF40) is the fourth generation of the Lexus LS line of full-size Luxury vehicle, luxury Sedan (automobile), sedans. Lexus debuted the model line at the 2006 North American International Auto Show, with variants including the standa ...

**First 9-speed automatic – 2013

Range Rover Evoque The Land Rover Range Rover Evoque (generally known simply as the Range Rover Evoque) is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV developed and produced by Jaguar Land Rover, a British car manufacturer, under their Land Rover marque. The original Evoqu ...

**First 10-speed automatic – 2017

Chevrolet Camaro The Chevrolet Camaro is a mid-size American automobile manufactured by Chevrolet, classified as a pony car. It first went on sale on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year and was designed to compete with the Ford Mustang. The Camaro share ...

ZL1 and

Ford F-150 The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks marketed and manufactured by Ford since the 1948 model year. Slotted above the Ford Ranger in the Ford truck model range, the F-Series is marketed as a range of full-sized pickup trucks. ...

*First self-locking differential – 1939 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport *First

limited slip differential A limited-slip differential (LSD) is a type of differential that allows its two output shafts to rotate at different speeds but limits the maximum difference between the two shafts. Limited-slip differentials are often known by the generic tr ...

– 1955 (for the 1956 model year)

Studebaker Studebaker was an American wagon and automobile manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana, with a building at 1600 Broadway, Times Square, Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1852 and incorporated in 1868 as the Studebaker Brothers M ...

**Note: In 1939, the Volkswagen Type 82 used a cam and pawl type differential which had a slip-limiting effect.'') *First

continuously variable transmission A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of gear ratios. This contrasts with other transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. T ...

(CVT) – 1958

DAF 600 The DAF 600 is a small family car produced by DAF from 1959 until 1963. It was DAF's first production passenger car. The 600 was first presented at the Amsterdam Motor Show in February 1958 and was in production by 1959, although the firm had publi ...

''A-Type'' *First electronically-controlled

(ECVT) – 1987 Subaru Justy ''E-CVT'' *First

active differential A differential is a gear train with three drive shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others, or a fixed multiple of that average. Functional description The following descri ...

– 1986

Porsche 959 The Porsche 959 is a sports car manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche from 1986 to 1993, first as a Group B rally car and later as a road legal production car designed to satisfy FIA homologation regulations requiring at least 2 ...

''PSK'' (''limited production of 200 vehicles'') *First toroidal continuously variable transmission – 1999

Nissan Cedric The is a large automobile produced by Nissan since 1960. It was developed to provide upscale transportation, competing with the Prince Skyline and Gloria which were later merged into the Nissan family. In later years, the Nissan Skyline was posi ...

and

Nissan Gloria The Gloria ( ja, 日産・グロリア) is a large luxury car made from 1959 by the Prince Motor Company, and later by Nissan Motors since its merger with the former - hence being originally marketed as Prince Gloria and later as Nissan Gloria. ...

*First

manumatic The modern usage of the automotive term manumatic denotes an automatic transmission that allows the driver to select a specific gear, typically using paddle-shifters, steering wheel-mounted push-buttons, or "+" and "-" controls on the gear select ...

(automatic transmission with manual control of gear selection) – 1990 Porsche 911 ''Tiptronic'' *First electronically-controlled

automated manual transmission The automated manual transmission (AMT) is a type of transmission for motor vehicles. It is essentially a conventional manual transmission but uses automatic actuation to operate the clutch and/or shift between gears. Many early versions of t ...

– 1985

Isuzu Aska The Isuzu Aska was a nameplate used by Isuzu Motors Ltd. of Japan to denote their mid-size sedans from 1983 to 2002. Originally, the Aska was a version of GM's J-car produced by Isuzu, but later, after Isuzu pulled out of manufacturing passen ...

NAVi5 The "New Advanced Vehicle with Intelligence 5-speed" (NAVi5, also sometimes written "NAVI5" or "NAVI-5") was an automated manual transmission developed by Isuzu Motors Ltd. of Japan, and introduced in August 1984. It was initially developed for ...

'' *First modern single-clutch

– 1996 BMW E36 M3 ''SMG'' *First

dual-clutch transmission A dual-clutch transmission (DCT) (sometimes referred to as a twin-clutch transmission) is a type of multi-speed motor vehicle, vehicle Transmission (mechanics), transmission system, that uses two separate clutches for odd and even gear train, g ...

– 2003 Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32 (

Direct-Shift Gearbox A direct-shift gearbox (DSG, german: Direktschaltgetriebe) is an electronically-controlled, dual-clutch, multiple-shaft, automatic gearbox, in either a transaxle or traditional transmission layout (depending on engine/drive configuration), w ...

) *First road car with paddle-shifters – 1997 Ferrari 355 ''F1''

Layout Layout may refer to: * Page layout, the arrangement of visual elements on a page ** Comprehensive layout (comp), a proposed page layout presented by a designer to their client * Layout (computing), the process of calculating the position of obje ...

*First

rear-engined In automobile design, a rear-engine design layout places the engine at the rear of the vehicle. The center of gravity of the engine itself is behind the rear axle. This is not to be confused with the center of gravity of the whole vehicle, as an im ...

car – 1886

*First

rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive In automotive design, an RR, or rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear of the vehicle. In contrast to the RMR layout, the center of mass of the engine is between the rear axle and the rear bumpe ...

car – 1934

*First rear-engine, four-wheel-drive car – 1940

Volkswagen Kübelwagen The Volkswagen Type 82 ''Kübelwagen'' (), or simply ''Kübel'', contractions of the original German word ''Kübelsitzwagen'' (translated: 'bucket-seat car' — but when the contractions are translated literally a back-formation of 'bucket' or ' ...

*First

front-engine, rear-wheel-drive In automotive design, a FR, or front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout is one where the engine is located at the front of the vehicle and driven wheels are located at the rear via a drive shaft. This was the traditional automobile layout for most ...

car – 1895

*First

front-engine, front-wheel-drive In automotive design, a front-engine, front-wheel-drive (FWD) layout, or FF layout, places both the internal combustion engine and driven roadwheels at the front of the vehicle. Usage implications Historically, this designation was used reg ...

car – 1929

Cord L-29 Cord was the brand name of an American luxury automobile company from Connersville, Indiana, manufactured by the Auburn Automobile Company from 1929 to 1932 and again in 1936 and 1937. The Cord Corporation was founded and run by E. L. Cor ...

*First

front-engine, four-wheel-drive In automotive design, an F4, or front-engine, four-wheel drive (4WD) layout places the internal combustion engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels. This layout is typically chosen for better control on many surfaces, a ...

car – 1903 Spyker 60 HP *First front-engined

transaxle A transaxle is a single mechanical device which combines the functions of an automobile's transmission, axle, and differential into one integrated assembly. It can be produced in both manual and automatic versions. Engine and drive at the ...

car – 1898

*First

four-wheel-drive Four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, refers to a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously. It may be full-time or on-demand, and is typically linked via a transfer case ...

car – 1903 Spyker 60 HP *First

mid-engined In automotive engineering, a mid-engine layout describes the placement of an automobile engine in front of the rear-wheel axles, but behind the front axle. History The mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive format can be considered the original layout of ...

car – 1921

*First

front-wheel-drive Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional lon ...

car – 1924

Tracta Tracta was a French car maker based in Asnières, Seine, that was active between 1926 and 1934. They were pioneers of front-wheel-drive vehicles. The business The business was directed and cars were designed by the engineer Jean-Albert Grégoire ...

(Gregoire-Tracta) *First mass-produced

transverse Transverse may refer to: *Transverse engine, an engine in which the crankshaft is oriented side-to-side relative to the wheels of the vehicle *Transverse flute, a flute that is held horizontally * Transverse force (or ''Euler force''), the tangen ...

car – 1931

DKW DKW (''Dampf-Kraft-Wagen'', en, "steam-powered car", also ''Deutsche Kinder-Wagen'' en, "German children's car". ''Das-Kleine-Wunder'', en, "the little wonder" or ''Des-Knaben-Wunsch'', en, "the boy's wish"- from when the company built to ...

F1 *First front mid-engine, front-wheel-drive car – 1934

Citroën Traction Avant The Citroën Traction Avant () is the world’s first unibody front-wheel-drive car. A range of mostly 4-door saloons and executive cars, were made with four or six-cylinder engines, produced by the French manufacturer Citroën from 1934 to 1957. ...

*First transverse front-wheel-drive I6 car – 1970

Austin Kimberley The Austin Kimberley and Austin Tasman (sold by Morris in New Zealand alongside the Austin models) "X6" models are a pair of Leyland Australia-designed front-wheel-drive sedans based on the Austin 1800 (ADO17) platform, that were produced fr ...

and

Austin Tasman Austin is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas, as well as the seat and largest city of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties. Incorporated on December 27, 1839, it is the 11th-most-populous city i ...

*First mass-produced four-wheel-drive car – 1955

GAZ M72 GAZ or Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (russian: ГАЗ or Го́рьковский автомоби́льный заво́д, , Gorky Automobile Plant) is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod, formerly known as Gorky (Го� ...

, 4677 produced *First and only

production Production may refer to: Economics and business * Production (economics) * Production, the act of manufacturing goods * Production, in the outline of industrial organization, the act of making products (goods and services) * Production as a stati ...

vehicles manufactured to a four-seater, rear mid-engined, full-

design – 1982

Ferrari Mondial The Ferrari Mondial (Type F108) is a mid-engined, V8, grand tourer manufactured and marketed by Ferrari between 1980 and 1993 – with styling by Pininfarina and bodywork by Carrozzeria Scaglietti. Offered as either a 2+2 coupé or cabriolet, t ...

*First

car – 1983

Fiat Panda The Fiat Panda is a city car manufactured and marketed by Fiat since 1980, currently in its third generation. The first generation Panda (Mk 1: 1980–1986 & Mk2: 1986–2003), introduced in 1980, was a two-box, three-door hatchback designed b ...

4x4 *First mid-engined, four-wheel-drive car – 1983

Peugeot 205 Turbo 16 The Peugeot 205 is a supermini (B-segment) car produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot from 1983 to 1999. It was declared "car of the decade" by ''CAR Magazine'' in 1990. It also won ''What Car?s Car of the Year for 1984. The 205 was introd ...

(homologation special, 200 road cars produced for

Group B Group B was a set of regulations for grand touring (GT) vehicles used in sports car racing and rallying introduced in 1982 by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Although permitted to enter a GT class of the World Sportscar ...

regulations.) *First transverse front-wheel-drive I5 car – 1991

Volvo 850 The Volvo 850 is a compact executive car that was produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1991 until 1996. Designed by Jan Wilsgaard, the car was introduced in a saloon body style; an estate style was introduced in 1993. The Volvo ...

Suspension Suspension or suspended may refer to: Science and engineering * Suspension (topology), in mathematics * Suspension (dynamical systems), in mathematics * Suspension of a ring, in mathematics * Suspension (chemistry), small solid particles suspend ...

*First front

independent suspension Independent suspension is any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i.e. reacting to a bump on the road) independently of the others. This is contrasted with a beam axle or deDion axle system in w ...

– 1898

Decauville Decauville () was a manufacturing company which was founded by Paul Decauville (1846–1922), a French pioneer in industrial railways. Decauville's major innovation was the use of ready-made sections of light, narrow gauge track fastened to steel ...

*First

torsion bar A torsion bar suspension, also known as a torsion spring suspension, is any vehicle suspension that uses a torsion bar as its main weight-bearing spring. One end of a long metal bar is attached firmly to the vehicle chassis; the opposite end termi ...

suspension – 1921 Leyland *First

hydraulic Hydraulics (from Greek: Υδραυλική) is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counter ...

shock absorber A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most sh ...

s – 1922

*First

coil spring A selection of conical coil springs The most common type of spring is the coil spring, which is made out of a long piece of metal that is wound around itself. Coil springs were in use in Roman times, evidence of this can be found in bronze Fib ...

suspension – 1922

*First fully

– 1931

Alfa Romeo 8C The Alfa Romeo 8C was originally a range of Alfa Romeo road, Auto racing, race and sports cars of the 1930s. In 2004 Alfa Romeo revived the 8C name for a V8-engined concept car which made it into production for 2007, the Alfa Romeo 8C Competizion ...

*First

air suspension Air suspension is a type of vehicle suspension powered by an electric or engine-driven air pump or compressor. This compressor pumps the air into a flexible bellows, usually made from textile-reinforced rubber. Unlike hydropneumatic suspension, ...

– 1946 Stout Scarab Experimental *First

MacPherson strut The MacPherson strut is a type of automotive suspension system that uses the top of a telescopic damper as the upper steering pivot. It is widely used in the front suspension of modern vehicles, and is named for American automotive engineer Ear ...

suspension – 1949

Ford Vedette The Ford Vedette is a large car formerly manufactured by Ford SAF in their Poissy plant from 1948-1954. Originally conceived by Edsel Ford and Ford designer Eugene T. "Bob" Gregorie as a “light” Ford model, smaller than the 1942 Ford. Howeve ...

*First

self-levelling suspension Self-levelling refers to an automobile suspension system that maintains a constant ride height of the vehicle above the road, regardless of load. Purpose Many vehicle systems on a conventional vehicle are negatively affected by the change in attit ...

– 1954

15/6 "H" *First

anti-roll bars An anti-roll bar (roll bar, anti-sway bar, sway bar, stabilizer bar) is a part of many automobile suspensions that helps reduce the body roll of a vehicle during fast cornering or over road irregularities. It connects opposite (left/right) whee ...

– 1955

Citroën DS The Citroën DS () is a Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, front mid-engined, front-wheel drive executive car manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1955 to 1975, in fastback/sedan, wagon/estate, and convertible body configurations ...

(front and rear) *First

on all four wheels – 1955

*First production

– 1956 (for the 1957 model year)

Cadillac Eldorado Brougham The Cadillac Eldorado is a luxury car manufactured and marketed by Cadillac from 1952 until 2002 over twelve generations. The Eldorado was at or near the top of the Cadillac line. The original 1953 Eldorado convertible and the Eldorado Brougham ...

(standard) *First

Chapman strut The Chapman strut is a design of independent rear suspension used for light cars, particularly sports and racing cars. It takes its name from, and is best known for its use by, Colin Chapman of Lotus. The characteristic feature of the Chapman ...

suspension – 1958

Lotus Elite The Lotus Elite name has been used for two production vehicles and one concept vehicle developed and manufactured by British automobile manufacturer Lotus Cars. The first generation Elite Type 14 was produced from 1957 until 1963 and the second ...

*First electronic-adjustable suspension dampers – 1981

Nissan Skyline The is a brand of automobile originally produced by the Prince Motor Company starting in 1957, and then by Nissan after the two companies merged in 1967. After the merger, the Skyline and its larger counterpart, the Nissan Gloria, were sold in ...

*First electronically-controlled

semi-active suspension An active suspension is a type of automotive suspension on a vehicle. It uses an onboard system to control the vertical movement of the vehicle's wheels relative to the chassis or vehicle body rather than the passive suspension provided by large sp ...

– 1983

Toyota Soarer The is a Personal luxury car, personal luxury Grand tourer, GT coupé produced from 1981 to 2005 by Toyota and sold in Japan. It was available at both Japanese Toyota dealerships called ''Toyota Store'' and ''Toyopet Store'', and it debuted with ...

(Japan-market model

Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension TEMS (Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension) is a shock absorber that is electronically controlled (Continuous Damping Control) based on multiple factors, and was built and exclusively used by Toyota for selected products during the 1980s and 199 ...

) and

( Electronic Steering Chassis) *First active

– 1987

active ECS *First fully

active suspension An active suspension is a type of automotive suspension on a vehicle. It uses an onboard system to control the vertical movement of the vehicle's wheels relative to the chassis or vehicle body rather than the passive suspension provided by large sp ...

without

anti-roll bar An anti-roll bar (roll bar, anti-sway bar, sway bar, stabilizer bar) is a part of many automobile suspensions that helps reduce the body roll of a vehicle during fast cornering or over road irregularities. It connects opposite (left/right) wheels ...

s: 1989 on

Toyota Celica The is an automobile produced by Toyota from 1970 until 2006. The Celica name derives from the Latin word '' coelica'' meaning 'heavenly' or 'celestial'. In Japan, the Celica was exclusive to the ''Toyota Corolla Store'' dealer chain. Produce ...

Toyota Active Control Suspension Toyota Active Control Suspension was (according to Toyota) the world's first fully active suspension. It was a complex hydropneumatic, computer-controlled active suspension system. This did away with conventional springs and anti-roll (stabiliser) ...

*First semi-active hydraulic suspension – 1990

(''

Hydractive Hydropneumatic suspension is a type of motor vehicle suspension system, designed by Paul Magès, invented by Citroën, and fitted to Citroën cars, as well as being used under licence by other car manufacturers, notably Rolls-Royce ( Silver Sha ...

'') *First

scanning the road ahead (

sonar Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigation, navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect o ...

) – 1990

Nissan Leopard The Nissan Leopard is a line of sport/luxury cars built by Japanese carmaker Nissan. The Leopard began life in 1980 and was discontinued in 1999. The Leopard were initially based on the Japanese market Nissan Skyline and Nissan Laurel, then later ...

Nissan Maxima The Nissan Maxima is a full-size car manufactured and marketed by Nissan and offered as Nissan's flagship sedan primarily in North America, the Middle East, and China — and currently in its eighth generation. Having debuted for model year 1 ...

/ Nissan J30 DUET-SS

Super Sonic Suspension An active suspension is a type of automotive suspension on a vehicle. It uses an onboard system to control the vertical movement of the vehicle's wheels relative to the chassis or vehicle body rather than the passive suspension provided by large sp ...

*First

active anti-roll bar An anti-roll bar (roll bar, anti-sway bar, sway bar, stabilizer bar) is a part of many automobile suspensions that helps reduce the body roll of a vehicle during fast cornering or over road irregularities. It connects opposite (left/right) wheel ...

s – 1994 Citroën Xantia Activa (''Systeme Citroën de Contrôle Actif du Roulis'') *First active suspension optically scanning the road ahead – 2013

Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222) The Mercedes-Benz W222 is the sixth generation of the S-Class produced from 2013 to 2020, the successor of the W221 S-Class and the predecessor of the W223 S-Class. The W222 was designed during 2009. The original design proposal of the car wa ...

(

MAGIC BODY CONTROL Active Body Control, or ABC, is the Mercedes-Benz brand name used to describe electronically controlled hydropneumatic suspension. This suspension combines a high level of ride quality with control of the vehicle body motions, and therefore vi ...

with ROAD SURFACE SCAN)

Brakes A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction. Background ...

*First

four-wheel brakes A brake is a machine, mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for Acceleration, slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of ...

– 1910

*First power brakes – 1919

Hispano-Suiza Hispano-Suiza () is a Spanish automotive–engineering company. It was founded in 1904 by Marc Birkigt and Damian Mateu as an automobile manufacturer and eventually had several factories in Spain and France that produced luxury cars, aircraft en ...

H6 (mechanically assisted and 4-wheel) *First

power brakes – 1921

Duesenberg Duesenberg Automobile and Motors Company, Inc. was an American race car, racing and luxury car, luxury automobile manufacturer founded in Indianapolis, Indiana, by brothers Fred Duesenberg, Fred and August Duesenberg in 1920. The company is ...

Model A (4-wheel) *First vacuum-assist power brakes – 1927 (for the 1928 model year)

Pierce-Arrow The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company was an American motor vehicle manufacturer based in Buffalo, New York, which was active from 1901 to 1938. Although best known for its expensive luxury cars, Pierce-Arrow also manufactured commercial trucks ...

*First inboard drum brakes – 1937

Lancia Aprilia The Lancia Aprilia (1937–1949) is a family car manufactured by Lancia, one of the first designed using wind tunnel in collaboration with Battista Farina and Politecnico di Torino, achieving a record low drag coefficient of 0.47. The ''berlinetta ...

*First

disc brakes A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or a "rotor" to create friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hol ...

– 1948 (for the 1949 model year) Chrysler Crown Imperial (4-wheel and standard) *First inboard disc brakes – 1955

Citroën DS19 Citroën () is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded in March 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën is owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired 8 ...

*First diagonally split, dual brake circuits – 1962

Saab 95 The Saab 95 is a seven-seater, two-door station wagon which was produced by Saab from 1959 to 1978. Initially it was based on the Saab 93 sedan, but the model's development throughout the years followed closely that of the Saab 96 after the 93 ...

/ 96 *First

antilock braking system An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a automobile safety, safety anti-Skid (automobile), skid Brake, braking system used on aircraft and on land motor vehicle, vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. ABS operates by preventing t ...

– 1966

Jensen FF The Jensen FF is a four-wheel drive grand tourer produced by British car manufacturer Jensen Motors between 1966 and 1971. It was the first non all-terrain production car equipped with four-wheel drive and an anti-lock braking system. The powe ...

(

Dunlop Maxaret Dunlop's Maxaret was the first anti-lock braking system (ABS) to be widely used. Introduced in the early 1950s, Maxaret was rapidly taken up in the aviation world, after testing found a 30% reduction in stopping distances, and the elimination of ...

system, previously used in aviation) *First electrical & electronic

– 1969 (for the 1970 model year)

Lincoln Continental Mark III The Continental Mark III is a personal luxury car marketed by Lincoln from 1969–1971 model years. The namesake successor of the 1956–1957 Continental Mark II, the Mark III again served as the flagship vehicle of Ford Motor Company. Offered ...

(standard) *First 4-wheel electrical & electronic

– 1970 (for the 1971 model year)

Imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texa ...

*First

asbestos Asbestos () is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fibre being composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the atmosphere b ...

-free

brake pad Brake pads are a component of disc brakes used in automotive and other applications. Brake pads are composed of steel backing plates with friction material bound to the surface that faces the disc brake rotors. Function Brake pads convert the kin ...

s – 1983

Saab Automobile Saab Automobile AB () is a defunct automotive industry, car manufacturer that was founded in Sweden in 1945 when its parent company, Saab AB, began a project to design a small automobile. The first production model, the Saab 92, was launched in ...

*First

regenerative brake Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that slows down a moving vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form that can be either used immediately or stored until needed. In this mechanism, the electric traction mo ...

s – 1996

GM EV1 The General Motors EV1 was an electric car produced and leased by General Motors from 1996 to 1999. It was the first mass-produced and purpose-designed electric vehicle of the modern era from a major automaker and the first GM car designed to ...

(leased, not sold) *First electro-hydraulic brakes – 2001

*First electric parking brake – 2002 BMW E65/E66

Driver aids

*First

steering wheel A steering wheel (also called a driving wheel (UK), a hand wheel, or simply wheel) is a type of steering control in vehicles. Steering wheels are used in most modern land vehicles, including all mass-production automobiles, buses, light and ...

– 1894

Panhard Panhard was a French motor vehicle manufacturer that began as one of the first makers of automobiles. It was a manufacturer of light tactical and military vehicles. Its final incarnation, now owned by Renault Trucks Defense, was formed ...

*First

speedometer A speedometer or speed meter is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a vehicle. Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the early 20th century, and as standard equipment f ...

– 1901

*First

windscreen wiper A windscreen wiper, windshield wiper, wiper blade (American English), or simply wiper, is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice, washer fluid, water, or debris from a vehicle's front window. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, truck ...

– 1903

Mary Anderson (inventor) Mary Elizabeth Anderson (February 19, 1866 – June 27, 1953)Obituary

*First electromechanical

vehicle horn A horn is a sound-making device that can be equipped to motor vehicles, buses, bicycles, trains, trams (otherwise known as streetcars in North America), and other types of vehicles. The sound made usually resembles a "honk" (older vehicles) or ...

– 1908

Klaxon A horn is a sound-making device that can be equipped to motor vehicles, buses, bicycles, trains, trams (otherwise known as streetcars in North America), and other types of vehicles. The sound made usually resembles a "honk" (older vehicles) or a ...

*First tilt-away

– 1912

Peerless Peerless may refer to: Companies and organizations * Peerless Motor Company, an American automobile manufacturer. * Peerless Brewing Company, in Birkenhead, UK * Peerless Group, an insurance and financial services company in India * Peerless R ...

*First standard

rear-view mirror A rear-view mirror (or rearview mirror) is a flat mirror in automobiles and other vehicles, designed to allow the driver to see rearward through the vehicle's rear window (rear windshield). In cars, the rear-view mirror is usually affixed to ...

– 1912 Marmon *First adjustable

steering column The automotive steering column is a device intended primarily for connecting the steering wheel to the steering mechanism. Secondary functions A steering column may also perform the following secondary functions: *energy dissipation management ...

– 1913 Lancia Theta *First dash-mounted

fuel gauge In automotive and aerospace engineering, a fuel gauge is an instrument used to indicate the amount of fuel in a fuel tank. In electrical engineering, the term is used for ICs determining the current State of Charge of accumulators. Motor vehi ...

– 1914

*First power

– 1916 Willys-Knight *First

turn signal The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted to or integrated into the front, rear, sides, and in some cases the top of a motor vehicle. They illuminate the road ahead for the driver and increase th ...

s – 1919 Phianna *First electric

– 1922

William M. Folberth (inventor) William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of Engl ...

*First windscreen

defogger A defogger, demister, or defroster is a system to clear condensation and thaw frost from the windshield, backglass, or side windows of a motor vehicle. The rear window defroster was invented by German automobile engineer Heinz Kunert. Types ...

– 1927 (for the 1928 model year)

*First horn ringed

– 1935 (for the 1936 model year)

*First windscreen washer – 1936 (for the 1937 model year)

*First rear window

– 1947 (for the 1948 model year)

*First

power steering A power steering is a mechanical device equipped on a motor vehicle that helps drivers steer the vehicle by reducing steering effort needed to turn the steering wheel, making it easier for the vehicle to turn or maneuver at lower speeds. Hydraul ...

– 1950 (for the 1951 model year)

Chrysler Imperial The Chrysler Imperial, introduced in 1926, was Chrysler's top-of-the-line vehicle for much of its history. Models were produced with the Chrysler name until 1954, after which it became a standalone brand; and again from 1990 to 1993. The compan ...

*First

cruise control Cruise control (also known as speed control, cruise command, autocruise, or tempomat) is a system that automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle. The system is a servomechanism that takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a ste ...

– 1956 (for the 1957 model year)

*First

trip computer A trip computer is a computer A computer is a machine that can be programmed to Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform gen ...

– 1958

Saab GT750 The Saab GT750 ('' Gran Turismo 750'') is an automobile from Saab produced between 1958 and 1960. It was introduced at the New York International Auto Show in 1958 and featured safety belts as standard, which soon became commonplace on most cars. ...

*First adjustable Car controls, control pedals – 1964 Marcos GT *First tilt/telescope

– 1964 (for the 1965 model year)

*First traction control system – 1970 (for the 1971 model year) full-size

(''MaxTrac'') *First LED display – 1976 Aston Martin Lagonda instrument cluster *First Original equipment manufacturer, original-equipment (OEM) Citizens Band radio – 1976 (for the 1977 model year) Lincoln (automobile), Lincoln,

(except Buick Skyhawk, Skyhawk),

(except Oldsmobile Omega, Omega and Oldsmobile Starfire, Starfire) and Pontiac (automobile), Pontiac (except Pontiac Ventura, Ventura, Pontiac Sunbird, Sunbird and Pontiac Astre, Astre) *First electronic

– 1978 (in middle of model year) Cadillac Seville *First automotive navigation system, navigation system – August 1981

(analog, dealer-installed) *First parking sensor – 1982 Toyota Corona *First built-in cup holder – 1983 Dodge Caravan#First generation (1984–1990), Dodge Caravan/Plymouth Voyager#First generation (S; 1984–1990), Plymouth Voyager *First Windshield wipers, Rain-Sensing Windshield Wipers – 1984 Nissan Silvia, Nissan 200SX and Nissan Silvia, Silvia *First Cathode ray tube, CRT display – 1984 Buick, Buick Riviera computer controlled instrument cluster *First electronic four-wheel steering – 1985 Nissan Skyline HICAS *First automotive head-up display (auto-HUD) – 1987 (for the 1988 model year) Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme *First drive-by-wire throttle – 1988 BMW 7 Series (E38), BMW 750iL *First mechanical four-wheel steering – 1988 Honda Prelude 4WS *First electrochromic rear-view mirror – 1988 Nissan Datsun 220C, Cedric/Nissan Gloria Y31, Gloria/Nissan Cima#Y31, Cima *First digital navigation system – 1990 Acura Legend *First original-equipment built-in GPS navigation system – 1990 Mazda Cosmo#Series JC (1990–1996), Mazda Eunos Cosmo Type-E CCS (Japan Only) *First Backup camera – 1991 Toyota Soarer Limited (Japan Only) *First dynamic stability control system/electronic stability control, Electronic Stability Programme/Vehicle Stability Control – 1995 BMW 7 Series (E38)-(DSC III), Mercedes-Benz W140, Mercedes-Benz S 600 Coupé-(ESP), and Toyota Crown Majesta#Second-generation series S150, Toyota Crown Majesta-(VSC) *First adaptive cruise control – 1995 (for 1996 model year) Mitsubishi Diamante (like the later Toyota Celsior system, this LIDAR did not apply brakes, only throttle&shifting) *First backup sensors – 1995 Mercedes-Benz S-Class *First telematics, telematics assist system – 1996 (for the 1997 model year) Cadillac Seville (OnStar) and Lincoln Continental (Motorola RESCU) *First minivans and SUVs with backup sensors – 1999 Ford Windstar and Ford Explorer/

*First automotive night vision, night vision – 1999 (for the 2000 model year) Cadillac Deville *First Lane departure warning system, lane-departure warning system (LDWS) – 2001 Nissan Cima *First navigation system with voice controls – 2002 Infiniti Q45 *First backup camera in North American market – 2002 Infiniti Q45 *First radar Collision avoidance system (no autonomous braking) – 2003 Toyota Harrier-Pre-Collision System PCS *First Automatic parking, automatic/automated self-parking system – 2003 Toyota Prius (XW20), Toyota Prius Intelligent Parking Assist System, IPAS *First Blind Spot Monitor, Blind Spot Intervention System – 2005 Volvo S80 *First Backup camera#Surround-view cameras, Around View Monitor (AVM) – 2007 Infiniti EX#EX35 (2007-), Infiniti EX35 *First Driver drowsiness detection – 2007 on the Volvo S80-Driver Alert Control *First driver Eye tracking, eyelid monitoring system – 2008 on the Toyota Crown-Driver Monitoring System *First Synchronized down shift rev-matching system – 2009 Nissan 370Z and Nissan Fairlady Z, Fairlady Z *First active pedestrian avoidance with steering correction – 2013 on Lexus LS (XF40) (Japan only)

Passive restraint

*First safety padding – 1936 (for the 1937 model year) Chrysler *First seat belts – 1947 (for the 1948 model year)

*First padded dash – 1947 (for the 1948 model year)

*First rear seat belts – 1954 (for the 1955 model year)

*First standard seat belts – 1958 Saab GT750, Saab GT 750 *First Three-point seatbelt, shoulder belts – 1959 Volvo PV444/544 *First standard Three-point seatbelt, shoulder belts – 1959 Volvo Amazon, Volvo 122

Active restraint

* First airbags – 1973 (for the 1974 model year) full-size

and

(''Air Cushion Restraint System'') * First standard dual frontal airbags – 1987 Porsche 944 * First rear-seat frontal airbag – 1993 Nissan President#President HG50, Nissan President * First side torso airbags – 1994 (for the 1995 model year)

* First knee airbag – 1996 Kia Sportage * First six-airbag system – 1997 Audi A8: 1 side airbag in every door + 2 front airbags. * First side head airbags – 1997 BMW 7 Series (E38) * First rear window curtain airbag – 2008 Toyota iQ * First rear seat centre airbag – 2009 Toyota * First seatbelt airbags – 2011 Ford Explorer and

* First front center airbag – 2013 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave and GMC Acadia * First rear seat airbag – 2021 Mercedes Benz S Class

Tires

*First use of pneumatic tires – 1895

L'Eclair (Michelin) *First standard pneumatic tires – 1896 Bollée Voiturette *First Radial tire, radial-ply tires – 1946 Michelin "X" (Optional fitment on 1949

s, Citroën Traction Avant, Citroën 11CV and Simca 8, standard on the 1950 Lancia Aurelia) *First self-repairing tires – 1950 Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Goodyear *First run flat tire – 1974 Mini, Mini 1275GT (Dunlop Rubber, Dunlop Denovo; optional)

Lighting

* First electrical lighting – 1898 Columbia Automobile Company, Columbia electric * First bright headlamps – 1899 Bleriot carbide generator * First standard lights – 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" acetylene * First standard electrical lights – 1908

* First integrated electrical and lighting system – 1912 Cadillac Model Thirty, Cadillac Model 1912 Delco * First "dipping" headlamps – 1915 Guide Lamp Company * First Original equipment manufacturer, original-equipment (OEM) "dipping" headlamps – 1917

* First stop or brake lights – 1919 Phianna * First dual-beam headlamp – 1924 Bilux * First Headlamp#Directional headlamps, directional headlamps – 1934

* First hidden headlamps – 1935 (for the 1936 model year)

(hand cranked from dash) * First flush mounted taillights with the body – 1935 (for the 1936 model year)

* First fog lights – 1937 (for the 1938 model year)

* First power hidden headlamps – 1938 Buick Y-Job * First production power hidden headlamps – 1941 (for the 1942 model year) DeSoto (automobile), DeSoto (standard) * First Automatic headlight dimmer#Automatic beam switching, auto-dimming headlamps – 1951 (for the 1952 model year)

and

(''Automatic headlight dimmer#Automatic beam switching, Autronic Eye'') * First Twilight Sentinel, auto-on/off headlamps – 1959 (for the 1960 model year)

(''Twilight Sentinel'') * First headlamp wipers – 1970 Saab Automobile, Saab (Saab 95, 95, 96, Saab 99, 99) * First alternating current, AC High-intensity discharge lamp, HID (lowbeam only) lights – 1991 BMW 7 Series (E32) * First neon lights – 1994 (for the 1995 model year) Ford Explorer * First direct current, DC High-intensity discharge lamp, HID lights – 1996 (for the 1997 model year) Lincoln Mark VIII * First all-light-emitting diode, LED tail lights – 1998 Maserati 3200 GT * First lowbeam/highbeam High-intensity discharge lamp, HID headlamps (Bi-Xenon) – 1999 on Mercedes-Benz C215, Mercedes-Benz CL-Class * First all-light-emitting diode, LED headlamps – 2007 Audi R8 (road car), Audi R8 * First low beam, front position light and sidemarker light-emitting diode, LED headlights – 2008 Lexus LS (XF40)#LS 600h, Lexus LS600h * First continuously adaptive highbeam (High-intensity discharge lamp, HID) – 2009 on the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W212) * First headlamps with pedestrian highlighting/warning – in 2011 on Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C216) * First full-light-emitting diode, LED car + tail lights with automatic variable intensity control – 2013 on the

* First laser headlights – 2014 Audi R8 LMX

Electrical system

* First ignition magneto, magneto – 1897 Lanchester Motor Company * First electric starter, electric self-starter – Arnold (automobile), Arnold (copy of the Benz Velo) before 1900. * First power door locks – 1914 Scripps-Booth * First twin-spark engine – 1914 Alfa Romeo Grand Prix * First electric power windows – 1938 Buick Y-Job (see "Other" for nonelectric production power windows) * First combination key and ignition switch – 1948 (for the 1949 model year) Chrysler Corporation, Chrysler * First 12 volt system – 1948

mk3 * First alternator (auto), alternator – 1959 (for the 1960 model year) Plymouth Valiant * First sealed battery (electricity), battery – 1969 (for the 1970 model year) Pontiac (automobile), Pontiac "Freedom Battery" * First Remote keyless system#History, keyless entry system (by keypad) – 1980 for the Ford Thunderbird (eighth generation), 8th gen Ford Thunderbird, Mercury Cougar#Fifth generation (1980–1982), 5th gen Mercury Cougar, and Lincoln Continental Mark VI, Lincoln Continental Mk VI, and Lincoln Town Car, Town Car * First multiplexing wiring – 1986 (for the 1987 model year) Cadillac Allanté & Chrysler C-Body [1988] * First integrated car systems control – 1987

(''Electro Multi Vision'')

Climate control

* First exhaust system heat – 1917 (???) * First cooling system heat – 1926 (???) (

also lists heat as an option for $32 in the 1926 model year although it is not clear what the source is) * First automobile air conditioning – 1939 (for the 1940 model year) Packard * First automatic climate control – 1963 (for the 1964 model year)

* First heated seats – 1965 (for the 1966 model year)

* First digital climate control – 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue * First electrically Quickclear, heated windshield – 1985 Ford Ford Scorpio, Scorpio/Granada Mk. III and 1986 model year Ford Taurus/Mercury Sable * First ventilated seats – 1998 Saab 9-5 * First cooled seats – 2000

* First heated steering wheel – 2001 Audi A6 and BMW 7 Series

In-car entertainment

*First radio – May 1922

(fitted to the passenger door by 18-year-old George Frost, president of the Lane High School Radio Club in Chicago) *First radio installed by a corporation – November 1922 Daimler (installed in a limousine by the Marconi Company, Marconi-phone company) *First Aftermarket (automotive), aftermarket radio – 1923 Springfield Body Corporation *First Original equipment manufacturer, original-equipment (OEM) radio – 1929 (for the 1930 model year)

and LaSalle (automobile), LaSalle *First in-car phonograph – 1955 (for the 1956 model year) Chrysler (optional on all makes) *First FM broadcasting, FM radio – 1958 (for the 1959 model year) Lincoln (automobile), Lincoln *First Stereophonic sound, stereo – 1964 (for the 1965 model year) full-size

*First 8-track tape – 1965 (for the 1966 model year) Lincoln (automobile), Lincoln and Ford Thunderbird and Ford Mustang, Mustang *First Compact Cassette – 1977 (for the 1978 model year)

and

(except Buick Skyhawk, Skyhawk) *First steering wheel mounted audio controls – 1984 Nissan 300ZX AE *First compact disc – 1986 (for the 1987 model year) Lincoln Town Car *First active audio volume control – 1989 (for the 1990 model year)

Bose Corporation, Bose/ Delco Gold Series *First front auxiliary input (for portable devices) (OEM systems) – 1991 Mitsubishi 3000GT and Galant VR-4 *First VCR – 1998 Oldsmobile Silhouette *First Bluetooth-capable audio system – 2003 Saab 9-3 *First MP3-capable audio system – 2001 Mazda Protegé MP3 *First karaoke – 2003 Geely BL *First 5.1 surround sound – 2004 Acura TL *First in-car iPod player integration – 2004 BMW *First active noise cancellation – 2005 Acura RL *First built-in USB port – 2006 Kia Carens#Second generation (UN; 2006), Kia Rondo

Other

* First anti-theft device – 1930 Ansaldo (car), Ansaldo Tipo 22 * First power windows – 1939 (for the 1940 model year) Packard 180 (hydro-electric) * First power seat – 1947 (for the 1948 model year)

and

(hydraulic) * First split folding rear seats – 1959 Auto Union (all makes) * First Fibre-reinforced plastic, composite wheels – 1970 Citroën SM * First production car to achieve – 1987 Ruf CTR in April 1987 * First standard composite wheels – 1989 Shelby CSX * First active exhaust – 1991 Mitsubishi 3000GT

Pre-war

* Best-selling pre-war vehicle – Ford Model-T ''(15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)'' * Least-expensive – – 1922 Briggs & Stratton Flyer * Least-expensive full-featured automobile – – 1926–27 (for the 1927 model year) Ford Model-T * Fastest pre-war stock production vehicle – Cord Automobile – 1937 supercharged 812 Beverly sedan – September 1937 at the Bonneville Salt Flats * Fastest pre-war limited production vehicle – Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 – 1939 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 clocked to average at Brooklands Speedway ''(41 made)'' * Fastest pre-war vehicle – Railton Mobil Special – 2-SC Napier Lion V-12 – – Driver John Cobb on 23 August 1939 at the Bonneville Salt Flats * Longest pre-war production – – 1933–35 (for the 1934–35 model years)

* Longest pre-war limited production – 1927–33 Bugatti Royale * Longest pre-war production wheelbase – – 1933–37 (for the 1934–37 model years)

* Longest pre-war limited production wheelbase – 1927 Bugatti Royale, Bugatti Royale Prototype * Longest pre-war Production convertible – (29 produced) – 1933–1935 (for the 1934–35 model years)

* Longest pre-war Production coupe – (20 produced) – 1933–1935 (for the 1934–35 model years)

* Longest pre-war Limited production convertible – – 1932 Bugatti Royale, Bugatti Royale Weinberger * Longest pre-war Limited production coupe – – 1931 Bugatti Royale Kellner * Widest pre-war – 1938–43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150 (armoured) * Widest pre-war front track – – 1938–43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150 * Widest pre-war rear track – – 1938–43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150 * Tallest pre-war production car – – 1904–09

* Heaviest pre-war curb weight – – 1938–43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150 (armoured) * Largest pre-war limited production car inline-four engine 1911 Fiat S76 Record * Largest pre-war straight-6 – – 1920-28 Renault 40CV, Reanault 40CV * Largest pre-war limited production straight-8 – – 1927 Bugatti Royale * Largest pre-war V8 – – 1910–12

* Largest pre-war V12 – – 1912 Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company, Pierce-Arrow * Largest pre-war V16 engine, V16 – – 1930–33 (for the 1931–33 model years) Marmon Series 16

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Automotive Superlatives Car-related lists, Superlatives Transport-related lists of superlatives, Automobiles

Vehicle dimensions

Length

Width (without mirrors)

Height

Wheelbase

Track Track or Tracks may refer to: Routes or imprints * Ancient trackway, any track or trail whose origin is lost in antiquity * Animal track, imprints left on surfaces that an animal walks across * Desire path, a line worn by people taking the shorte ...

Curb weight Vehicle weight is a measurement of wheeled motor vehicles; either an actual measured weight of the vehicle under defined conditions or a gross weight rating for its weight carrying capacity. Curb or kerb weight Curb weight (U.S. English) or kerb ...

Engines An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power g ...

Engine displacement Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as a loose indicator of the ...

Smallest

Largest

Power Power most often refers to: * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" ** Engine power, the power put out by an engine ** Electric power * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events ** Abusive power Power may a ...

Highest power by engine type

Highest power by body style

Highest specific power (power-to-weight ratio)

Highest specific engine output (power/unit displacement)

Highest power by cylinder count (Production Cars)

Torque In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). It represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of th ...

Highest torque by engine type

Highest torque by body style

Highest specific torque (torque/unit displacement)

Fuel economy

Most economical

Price

Performance

Acceleration

Top speed

Highest rpm redline

Sales

Firsts

Industry

Engine types

Engine technologies

Internal combustion engine cooling Internal combustion engine cooling uses either air or liquid to remove the waste heat from an internal combustion engine. For small or special purpose engines, cooling using air from the atmosphere makes for a lightweight and relatively simple sys ...

Electric vehicles

Hybrid vehicles

Plug-in electric vehicles

Body

Transmission Transmission may refer to: Medicine, science and technology * Power transmission ** Electric power transmission ** Propulsion transmission, technology allowing controlled application of power *** Automatic transmission *** Manual transmission *** ...

Layout Layout may refer to: * Page layout, the arrangement of visual elements on a page ** Comprehensive layout (comp), a proposed page layout presented by a designer to their client * Layout (computing), the process of calculating the position of obje ...

Suspension Suspension or suspended may refer to: Science and engineering * Suspension (topology), in mathematics * Suspension (dynamical systems), in mathematics * Suspension of a ring, in mathematics * Suspension (chemistry), small solid particles suspend ...

Brakes A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction. Background ...

Driver aids

Passive restraint

Active restraint

Tires

Lighting

Electrical system

Climate control

In-car entertainment

Other

Pre-war

See also

References

Power Power most often refers to: * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" Engine power, the power put out by an engine Electric power * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events ** Abusive power Power may a ...

Transmission Transmission may refer to: Medicine, science and technology * Power transmission Electric power transmission Propulsion transmission, technology allowing controlled application of power * Automatic transmission * Manual transmission *** ...